HUBUNGAN ANTARA ATOPI DENGAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT ALERGI DALAM KELUARGA DAN MANIFESTASI PENYAKIT ALERGI PADA BALITA
Abstract
Prevalensii penyakit alergi cenderung meningkat dalam dekade terakhir. Hal ini disebabkan karena faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Faktor genetik dibuktikan dengan riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga. Penyakit alergi merupakan gejala alergi pada individu yang atopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah atopi dan riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga merupakan faktor risiko timbulnya manifestasi penyakit alergi. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Garuda, Babakan Sari dan Padasuka Bandung selama bulan Februari-Maret 2007 dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek yang telah mempunyai data hasil uji tusuk kulit (UTK) dan ada tidaknya riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga dilakukan pengisian kuesioner standar The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) dan pemeriksaan fisis. Subjek dinyatakan atopi bila hasil UTK positif. Hubungan antara variabel dianalisis dengan metode Ki kuadrat dan rumus Mantel Haenszel untuk mengkontrol confounding variabel. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 260 anak (92%), terdiri dari 130 anak dengan riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga dan 130 anak tanpa riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga. Berdasarkan UTK didapat 70 anak atopi dan 190 anak nonatopi. Manifestasi penyakit alergi terdapat pada 86 anak (33,08%). Manifestasi terbanyak adalah rinitis alergika 41 anak (15,77%),
kemudian dermatitis atopik 18 anak (6,92%), dan asma 5 anak (1,92%). Kejadian manifestasi penyakit alergi terdapat pada 57,1% anak atopi dan 24,2% anak nonatopi. Kejadian manifestasi penyakit alergi terdapat pada 41,5% anak dengan riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga dan 24,6% anak tanpa riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga. Atopi mempunyai hubungan yang lebih kuat dengan manifestasi penyakit alergi pada balita, namun riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga juga mempunyai hubungan sehingga merupakan hal yang penting untuk ditanyakan kepada orang tua.
Kata kunci: Manifestasi penyakit alergi, atopi, riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga
ASSOSIATION BETWEEN ATOPY WITH ALLERGIC HISTORY IN THE FAMILY AND ALLERGIC DISEASE IN UNDER FIVE YEAR OLD CHILDREN
There was an increase in prevalence of allergic diseases in the last decade. This was because of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factor were proven by allergic history in the family. Allergic reaction in individu with atopy determined as allergic disease.The aim of this study was to know whether atopy and family allergic disease were risk factors for the occurrence of allergic disease manifestation. This study was conducted at Garuda, Padasuka and Babakan Sari Primary Health Center in Bandung, Indonesia, during February-March 2007, with cross sectional designed. Subjects with skin prick test (SPT) result and history or no history allergic disease data were questioned by The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and physical examination. Data were analyzed >using chi square and Mantel Haenszel test for confounding variables. A total of 260 (92%) children joined the third phase; consisted of 130 children with family history of allergic and 130 children without family history of allergic. Based of SPT consisted of 70 children with positive results and 190 children with negative results. The incidence of allergic disease was confirmed in 86 (33.08%) children: 41 (15.77%) children with allergic rhinitis, 18 (6.92%) children with
atopic dermatitis, and 5 (1.92%) with asthma. Allergic diseases manifestation were confirmed in 57.1% atopy children and 24.2% nonatopy children. Allergic diseases manifestation were confirmed in 41.5% children with and 24.6% children without family history of allergic. Atopy has stronger association with allergic disease manifestation in under five children, but family history of allergic also has association so it's important to ask parents.
Key words: Allergic diseases manifestation, atopy, family history of allergic
Full Text:
PDFArticle Metrics
Abstract view : 9974 timesPDF - 7236 times
MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
View My Stats