Perbaikan Parameter Lipid Darah Mencit Hiperkolesterolemia dengan Suplemen Pangan Bekatul

Abstract

Serat pangan telah banyak digunakan sebagai pangan fungsional dan direkomendasikan untuk menurunkan kadar lipid darah untuk mencegah hiperkolesterolemia. Bekatul merupakan bahan pangan yang mengandung serat cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan bekatul pada parameter lipid darah mencit jantan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian dilakukan di kandang hewan Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor periode Agustus 2011–Maret 2012. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif mencit normokolesterolemia yang diberi pakan standar tanpa suplementasi bekatul dan kontrol positif mencit hiperkolesterolemia tanpa suplementasi bekatul, selanjutnya kelompok mencit hiperkolesterolemia diberi suplementasi bekatul 16%, 38%, dan 57%. Parameter yang diukur ialah bobot badan, konsentrasi kolesterol total serum, hati, dan feses, kadar trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), dan glukosa darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi bekatul dalam diet menurunkan bobot badan, konsentrasi kolesterol serum total dan hati, trigliserida dan LDL-c, serta menaikkan konsentrasi HDL-c dan kolesterol feses, tanpa mengubah konsentrasi glukosa darah. Suplementasi bekatul sebesar 57% menurunkan bobot badan sebesar 10,31%, kadar total kolesterol 17,28%, trigliserida 28,63%, dan LDL-c 79,35%, serta meningkatkan HDL-c sebesar 24,41%. Suplementasi bekatul menurunkan kolesterol hati 57,76% dan meningkatkan pembuangan kolesterol melalui feses sebesar 39,86%. Simpulan, bekatul sebagai suplemen makanan memperbaiki parameter lipida darah mencit jantan hiperkolesterolemia dengan meningkatkan pembuangan kolesterol melalui feses dan menurunkan bobot badan tanpa mengubah kadar glukosa darah [MKB. 2013;45(1):1–9]

Kata kunci: Bekatul, hiperkolesterolemia, lipid darah, mencit, serat pangan

Improvement of Blood Lipid Parameters of Hypercholesterolemic Mice by Supplementation of Rice Bran

Dietary fiber is widely used as a functional food and recommended to reduce blood lipid level to prevent hypercholesterolemia. An experiment was conducted on the effects of rice bran that has high dietary fiber content on blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice, which was conducted at the Biology Education Department animal cages, Indonesia University of Education and the Veterinary Medicine Faculty Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural Institute from August 2011 to March 2012. The mice were randomly assigned into groups with 5 different treatments: negative control group i.e. normocholesterol mice with a standard diet without rice bran; positive control group i.e. hypercholesterolemic mice with a standard diet without rice bran; and groups with hypercholesterolemic mice with 16%, 38%, and 75% rice bran supplements. The parameters were body weight as well as blood serum, liver and feces cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and glucose levels. Body weight, blood serum and liver cholesterol as well as triglyceride and LDL concentrations decreased while serum HDL-c and feces cholesterol increased without any significant effect on blood glucose concentration with rice bran supplement. Supplementation of rice bran by 57% (14.30% of nonsoluble dietary fiber content) decreased body weight, total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-c of 10.31%, 17.28%, 28.63%, and 79.35%, respectively, and increased HDL-c by 24.41%. Rice bran supplement reduced liver cholesterol levels by 57.76% and increased fecal cholesterol excretion by 39.68%. In conclusion, 57% rice bran supplementation is effective to improve blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice by increasing feces excretion and decreasing body weight with no change in blood glucose level. [MKB. 2013;45(1):1–9]

Key words: Blood lipid, dietary fiber, hypercholesterolemia, mice, rice bra

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n1.93