Efek Kombinasi Ekstrak Anamirta cocculus dan Artemisin terhadap Penurunan Jumlah Sel Apoptosis Jaringan Paru Mencit Malaria
Abstract
Plasmodium dalam eritrosit akan menginduksi respons imun, berupa produksi radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan paru. Kombinasi ekstrak Anamirta cocculus dan artemisin diharapkan dapat mencegah komplikasi akibat radikal bebas yang dihasilkan oleh sel imun maupun artemisin. Studi eksperimental dengan metode post test control group design only dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi dan Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya periode Juni–Oktober 2010 untuk membuktikan efek pemberian kombinasi ekstrak A. cocculus dan artemisin terhadap jumlah sel apoptosis jaringan paru mencit galur Balb/C yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei. Mencit dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, kelompok 1 terdiri atas 9 ekor mencit normal, kelompok 2 mencit yang diinfeksi P. berghei tanpa terapi, kelompok 3 mencit yang diinfeksi P. berghei dan diterapi artemisin dosis 0,04 mg/gBB, serta 3 kelompok perlakuan mencit diinfeksi P. berghei dan diterapi kombinasi artemisin 0,04 mg/gBB dengan ekstrak A. cocculus 0,01 mg/gBB; 0,1 mg/gBB; dan 1 mg/gBB. Sel apoptosis dihitung dari ekspresi caspase-3 pada pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Pemberian ekstrak A. cocculus dosis 0,01 mg/gBB; 0,1 mg/gBB; dan 1 mg/gBB serta artemisin selama 3 hari menurunkan jumlah sel apoptosis secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok artemisin monoterapi (p=0,00; 0,026; 0,000). Hubungan lama terapi dengan ekspresi caspase-3 menunjukkan pada kelompok terapi kombinasi ekstrak A. cocculus 0,01 mg/gBB dan artemisin 0,04 mg/gBB memiliki korelasi positif yang signifikan (p=0,013). Simpulan, terapi jangka pendek kombinasi ekstrak A. cocculus dan artemisin mempunyai efek yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pemberian artemisin monoterapi dalam hal penurunan jumlah sel apoptosis jaringan paru. [MKB. 2013;45(2):69–77]
Kata kunci: Anamirta cocculus, apoptosis sel paru, artemisin,caspase-3, malaria
The Effect of Anamirta cocculus Extract and Artemisin Combination in Decreasing Number of Apoptotic Lung Cells of Malaria Infected Mice
The presence of Plasmodium in erythrocytes will induce immune responses, including the production of free radicals which can lead to lung tissue cells damage. Combination therapy of Anamirta cocculus extract and artemisin is expected to prevent complications caused by free radicals produced by immune cells and artemisin. This experimental study which using post test control group design only was done in Laboratory of Parasitology and Biomedic Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University on June–October 2010 to prove the effect of combination therapy of A. cocculus extract and artemisin towards the number of apoptotic lung tissue cells of Balb/C mice infected by Plasmodium berghei. Mice were divided into 6 groups, the first normal Balb/C mice, the second mice infected by P. berghei without treatment, the third mice infected by P. berghei and treated with artemisin 0.04 mg/g BW, and 3 combination contains mice infected by P. berghei and treated with a combination of artemisin 0.04 mg/ gBW and A.cocculus extract 0.01 mg/gBW, 0.1 mg/gBW, 1 mg/ gBW respectively. The apoptotic cells of lung tissue were counted from the expression of caspase-3 in immunohistochemical staining. In day 3 combination A. cocculus extract dose 0.01 mg/gBW, 0.1 mg/gBW, 1 mg/ gBW and artemisin reduced the number of apoptotic cells significantly compared to the artemisin monotherapy (p=0.00, 0.026, 0.000). There was a positive corelation between the length of treatment and the expression of caspase-3 (p=0.013) on group that treated with combination of A. cocculus extract 0.01 mg/gBW and artemisin 0,04 mg/gBB. In conclusion, the short treatment of combination A. cocculus extract and artemisin has a better effect than artemisin monotherapy in decreasing number of apoptotic lung tissue cells. [MKB. 2013;45(2):69–77]
Key words: Anamirta cocculus, artemisinin, caspase 3, lung apoptotic cell, malaria
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