Kematian Neonatal dan Bayi Lahir Mati serta Hubungannya dengan Kepercayaan dan Perilaku Masyarakat

Abstract

Kabupaten Cirebon memiliki angka kematian ibu dan bayi yang tinggi. Berbagai upaya sudah dilakukan untuk menurunkan angka tersebut, namun belum berhasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali informasi yang lebih mendalam tentang keterkaitan kematian bayi lahir mati dan neonatal dengan latar belakang perilaku serta kepercayaan masyarakat tentang kehamilan, persalinan, dan perawatan bayi baru lahir di desa pesisir dan pedalaman. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan paradigma gabungan antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif (mixed paradigm) dengan menggali informasi secara mendalam mengenai faktor predisposing, faktor enabling, dan faktor reinforcing kepercayaan serta perilaku masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Weru Lor (pedalaman) dan Suranenggala (pesisir) di kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat pada tahun 2006. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya stigma-stigma yang melatarbelakangi perilaku tidak rasional dalam hubungannya dengan kematian bayi lahir mati dan neonatal. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kepercayaan antara desa pedalaman dan desa pesisir. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah perlunya kompetensi petugas kesehatan dalam penyebarluasan informasi rasional sehingga mampu menghilangkan stigma-stigma yang tumbuh dalam masyarakat.

Relationship Between Neonatal Mortality and Still Birth with Believe and Behavior of Health Society

Cirebon's district is one of highest infant mortality and maternal mortality rate. So many efforts have been done to reduce this rate but, it's no effect yet. The etiology of these problems isn't known. The aim of research was to discover deeper information about relationship between neonatal mortality and social behavior background and believe of health society in pregnancy, delivery and antenatal care in mainland and coastal district. A qualitative and quantitative methods were used to exploring deeper information about predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors in health believe and behavior in society. Location of the study were in mainland (Weru Lor) and costal village (Suranenggala) in Cirebon-West Java in 2006. This research answered the reseach question, why neonatal death are happened and why health behavior in society seems irrational. There were stigmas in society that affect infant mortality rate. The result of research showed there were existence of stigmas which was irrational background in its relation with infant and neonatal mortality. There were no difference of local culture, knowledge, and believe among mainland and coastal countryside. Conclusion of this research is the importance of provider of health competence in dissemination of rational information so that can eliminate stigmas which grow in society.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n1.5