Konsumsi Antioksidan dan Ekspresi Gen eNOS3 Alel -786T>C pada Penderita Hipertensi Etnik Minangkabau

Abstract

Gen eNOS3 alel -786T>C merupakan salah satu gen yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Polimorfisme gen ini mengurangi kemampuan sintesis enzim nitric oxide synthase (NOS) sehingga sintesis nitric oxide (NO) menurun. Nitric oxide adalah senyawa vasoaktif yang menyebabkan vasodilatasi pembuluh darah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan konsumsi antioksidan dengan ekspresi gen eNOS3 alel -786T>C pada penderita hipertensi etnik Minangkabau. Cross sectional study dilakukan pada 130 subjek hipertensi dan normotensi berusia 30–65 tahun di 4 kecamatan kota Padang Sumatera Barat periode 2009. Wawancara konsumsi antioksidan menggunakan food frequency questioner, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan gen eNOS3 dengan polymerase chain reaction dan kadar NO plasma dengan enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji T dan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar NO plasma subjek hipertensi 26,91±15,40 μM/L dan normotensi 25,79±15,04 μM/L. Substitusi thymine menjadi cytosine pada posisi 786 ditemukan sebanyak 1,5% pada kelompok hipertensi dan 9,2% kelompok normotensi. Kadar NO plasma rendah (67,2%) ditemukan pada subjek dengan alel heterozigot TC. Terdapat hubungan bermakna konsumsi antioksidan (vitamin E) dengan kadar NO plasma pada subjek hipertensi dengan alel heterozigot TC (p=0,03). Simpulan, terdapat hubungan konsumsi vitamin E dengan kadar NO plasma pada penderita hipertensi etnik Minangkabau yang memiliki alel heterozigot TC. [MKB. 2011;43(1):1–9].

Kata kunci: Alel -786T>C, etnik Minangkabau, gen eNOS3, hipertensi, kadar NO plasma

Antioxidant Consumption and eNOS3 Gene -786T>C Allel Expression in Hypertension Patients in Minangkabau Ethnicity

Gene of eNOS 3 allel -786T>C is one of the important genes which is related to the high prevalence of hypertension. Polymorphism of this gene decreases nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme synthesis result in reduction of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide causes vasodilatation, which decreases peripheral resistant and blood pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of an antioxidant consumption on eNOS3 gene -786T>C allel expression in hypertension patients with Minangkabau ethnicity. Cross sectional study was done on 130 hypertension and normotension subjects, 30–65 years old in 4 districts, Padang, Sumatera Barat during 2009. The interview about antioxidant consumption by food frequency questioner, the assessment of eNOS3 gene by polymerase chain reaction and NO plasma level by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were done. The data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square. The results showed that the hypertensive’s and normotensive’s plasma NO concentration were 26.91±15.40 μM/L and 25.79±15.04 μM/L, respectively. There were thymine to cytosine substitution found at 786 position in 1.5% of the hypertensive subjects and 9.2% of the normotensive subjects. A low plasma NO levels (67.2%) was found in subjects with heterozygote TC alleles.There was a significant relationship between consumption of antioxidant (vitamin E) and NO plasma level in hypertension subjects with TC heterozygote allel. In conclusions, vitamin E influences NO plasma level in hypertension patients with heterozygote TC alleles. [MKB. 2011;43(1):1–9].

Key words: Allel of -786T>C, eNOS3 gene, hypertension, Minangkabau ethnics, NO plasma level

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v43n1.37