Tingkat Ketepatan Audiometer Skrining Medan Bebas untuk Mendeteksi Gangguan Dengar Anak Sekolah Dasar dengan Otitis Media

Abstract

Skrining pendengaran pada anak sekolah dapat mengetahui lebih dini gangguan dengar akibat otitis media sehingga hasil pengobatannya akan lebih baik. Audiometer skrining medan bebas merupakan alat skrining pendengaran yang sederhana, terjangkau, ringkas, mudah dan singkat, tetapi belum diukur tingkat ketepatannya untuk anak sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tingkat ketepatan audiometer skrining medan bebas untuk mendeteksi gangguan dengar pada anak sekolah dasar yang menderita otitis media. Penelitian uji diagnostik dengan rancangan penelitian potong silang dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Sejahtera dan Poliklinik Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok–Bedah Kepala dan Leher RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode bulan Juni–Agustus 2011. Dari 479 anak sekolah dasar, didapatkan 86 subjek sesuai kriteria inklusi. Terdapat gangguan dengar pada 56 anak yang diperiksa audiometer skrining medan bebas dan 51 anak yang diperiksa audiometri nada murni. Hasil uji diagnostik audiometer skrining medan bebas didapatkan sensitivitas 90,2%; spesifisitas 71,4%; indeks Kappa 0,630. Perbandingan pemeriksaan pendengaran antara audiometri skrining medan bebas dan audiometri nada murni didapatkan p=0,302. Simpulan, tingkat ketepatan audiometer skrining medan bebas sama dengan audiometer nada murni untuk mendeteksi gangguan dengar anak sekolah dasar yang menderita otitis media. [MKB. 2013;45(1):62–8]

Accuracy of Portable Screening Audiometer for Detecting Hearing Loss in Elementary School Children with Otitis Media

Hearing skrining in school children can detect hearing loss due to otitis media earlier therefor treatment will give better outcome. Portable screening audiometer is a device which are simple, less expensive, brief, easy to use and has shorter examination time but has not been measured its accuracy for hearing screening in elementary school children. The objective of this study was to measure the accuracy of portable screening audiometry for detecting hearing loss in elementary school children with otitis media. A diagnostic test study with cross-sectional method was conducted at Sejahtera Elementary School and at Out-patient Clinic Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Department Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung period June until August 20011. From 479 children, there were 86 children match with inclusion criteria. Hearing loss was found in 56 children examined using portable screening audiometer and in 51 children using pure tone audiometry. Diagnostic test result for portable screening audiometer were 90.2% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity, with Kappa index 0.630 and p value was 0.302 compared to pure tone audiometry. In conclusion, the accuracy of portable screening audiometer is as good as pure tone audiometry in order to detect hearing loss in elementary school children with otitis media. [MKB. 2013;45(1):62–68]

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n1.141