Penurunan Aktivitas Tirosinase dan Jumlah Melanin oleh Fraksi Etil Asetat Buah Malaka (Phyllantus emblica) pada Mouse Melanoma B16 Cell-Line

Abstract

Akumulasi melanin menyebabkan hiperpigmentasi dan bila terdapat pada wajah dapat menimbulkan masalah psikososial. Bahan depigmentasi dari tanaman semakin banyak digunakan. Bahan yang dikembangkan harus efektif menghambat sintesis melanin serta tidak toksik terhadap melanosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efek fraksi etil asetat buah Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) atau buah malaka, terhadap sintesis melanin dengan mengukur jumlah melanin dan aktivitas tirosinase, yang merupakan enzim utama sintesis melanin, secara spektrofotometrik pada kultur sel melanosit mouse melanoma B16 cell-line. Sitotoksisitas diukur dengan metode 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Penelitian dilakukan pada November–Desember 2009 di Department of Biochemistry and Diabetes Research Centre, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Korea Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas tirosinase dan jumlah melanin menurun bergantung pada dosis perlakuan berbagai konsentrasi fraksi etil asetat buah P. emblica dengan inhibition concentration (IC) 50 berturutturut 95,63 dan 16,90 μg/mL, serta lethal dose (LD) 50 pada konsentrasi 106,64 μg/mL. Simpulan, fraksi etil asetat buah P. emblica mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan depigmentasi, karena mampu menurunkan sintesis melanin melalui inhibisi aktivitas tirosinase. [MKB. 2013;45(2):118–24]

Kata kunci: Aktivitas tirosinase, etil asetat, melanin, Phyllanthus emblica

Reduction of Tyrosinase Activity and Melanin Amount by Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica) Fruit in Mouse Melanoma B16 Cell-Line

Melanin accumulation can lead to hyperpigmentation, and if it occurs on the face can cause psychosocial problem. Depigmenting agents derived from plants are increasingly utilized. Agents being developed have to be effective in inhibiting melanin synthesis and should not be toxic to melanocyte. This study aimed was to examine the effect of ethyl acetate fraction from Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) fruit, also known as malaka fruit, towards melanine synthesis, which was measured from the melanin amount and tyrosinase activity, the key regulatory enzyme in melanin synthesis, spectrophotometrically towards melanocytes of mouse melanoma B16 cell-line. The cytotoxic effect towards melanocytes was measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. This study was conducted on November−December 2009 in Department of Biochemistry and Diabetes Research Centre, Chonbuk National University Medical School, South Korea. The result of this study showed that tyrosinase activity and melanin amount decreased in a dose-dependent manner towards various concentrations of ethyl acetate fraction of P. emblica fruit with inhibition concentration (IC) 50=95.63 and 16.90 μg/mL, respectively and lethal dose (LD) 50 concentration 106.64 μg/mL. In conclusion, ethyl acetate fraction of P. emblica fruit is a potential depigmenting agent, since it can reduce melanin synthesis by inhibition of tyrosinase activity. [MKB. 2013;45(2):119–24]

Key words: Ethyl acetate, melanin, Phyllanthus emblica, tyrosinase activity

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n2.115