Potensi Quercetin-3-O-Glucoside (Q3g) dan Quercetin-4-O-Glucoside (Q4g) dari Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica a.juss) terhadap Ambilan Glukosa

Abstract

Daun mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) yang berasal dari BPT Situbondo memiliki zat aktif quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) dan quercetin-4-O-glucoside (Q4G) yang diketahui mempunyai kemampuan menghambat ambilan glukosa melalui membran usus halus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi isolat dan dosis optimal Q3G dan Q4G dari daun mimba terhadap ambilan glukosa melalui membran usus halus tikus putih (Rattus rattus novergicus). Zat aktif Q3G dan Q4G dari daun mimba diisolasi secara kualitatif dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Penelitian ini dilakukan di beberapa tempat, antara lain: Laboratorium Kimia Organik FMIPA Unpad, Laboratorium Biokimia FK Unpad, serta Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi FK Unpad. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni–Desember 2011. Penelitian laboratorium eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap dilakukan terhadap 30 ekor tikus putih yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberi larutan glukosa 3,0 x 10-3M, dan 4 kelompok perlakuan diberi larutan glukosa berturut-turut Q3G 1 mg/kgBB, Q3G 2 mg/kgBB, Q4G 1 mg/kgBB, dan Q4G 2 mg/kgBB menggunakan alat perfusi in situ. Kadar ambilan glukosa diamati setiap 15 menit selama 1 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dan tes Duncan dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 53,1 mg isolat Q3G dan 14,4 mg Q4G diperoleh dari daun mimba BPT Situbondo sebanyak 1 kg. Isolat Q3G 1 mg/kgBB, Q4G 1 mg/kgBB, dan Q4G 2 mg/kgBB berbeda secara bermakna dalam menghambat ambilan glukosa melalui membran usus halus tikus dibanding dengan kontrol pada menit ke-45 (p<0,05). Simpulan, isolat Q3G dan Q4G dari daun mimba dapat menghambat ambilan glukosa melalui membran usus halus tikus putih. [MKB. 2016;48(4):222–7]

Kata kunci: Ambilan glukosa, daun mimba, Q3G, Q4G

Potential Influence of Quercetin-3-O-Glucoside (Q3g) and Quercetin-4-O-Glucoside (Q4g) from Mimba Leaves (Azadirachta indica a.juss) on Glucose Uptake

Abstract

Mimba leaves (Azadirachta indica A.Juss), which was obtained from Brigade Proteksi Tanaman (BPT) Situbundo in this study, contain active compounds of quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) and quercetin-4’-O-glucoside (Q4G). These compounds were isolated using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). From previous studies, Q3G and Q4G are known to inhibit the glucose uptake from intestinal membrane. This study was conducted to understand the potential influence of Q3G and Q4G isolated from mimba leaves in inhibiting glucose uptake in rat’s intestinal membrane (Rattus rattus norvegicus). This experimental study employed 30 male rats that met the inclusion criteria that were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I was the control group and only received glucose solution 3,0 x 10-3 M. Group II, III, IV, and V received glucose solution with Q3G 1 mg/kgBW, Q3G 2 mg/kgBW, Q4G 1 mg/kgBW, and Q4G 1 2 mg/kgBW, respectively. The inhibitory potentials of Q3G and Q4G on glucose uptake was measured every 15 minutes for one hour using in situ perfusion equipment. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Duncan test with a significance level 95% (α=0.05). From 1 kg fresh mimba leaves, 60.1 mg Q3G and 14.4 mg Q4G were isolated. This study showed that Q3G 1 mg/kgBW, Q4G 1 mg/kgBW, and Q4G 2 mg/kgBW significantly inhibited glucose uptake from rat intestinal membrane compared to negative control at 45th minute (p<0.05). Therefore, Q3G and Q4G isolated from mimba leaves have significantly inhibit glucose uptake from rat’s intestinal membrane (Rattus rattus norvegicus). [MKB. 2016;48(4):222–7]

Key words: Glucose uptake, mimba leaves, Q3G, Q4G