Kadar Asam Urat Serum sebagai Biomarker Preeklamsi

Abstract

Preeklamsi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian ibu selain akibat perdarahan dan infeksi. Etiologi dan patogenesis preeklamsi belum diketahui pasti. Peningkatan kadar asam urat serum timbul bersamaan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah dan terjadi sebelum timbul proteinuria sehingga dapat dipakai sebagai salah satu biomarker. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis perbandingan kadar asam urat serum pada kehamilan in partu normal dengan in partu preeklamsi. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Maret–Mei 2011. Subjek penelitian 45 wanita hamil in partu normal sebagai kelompok kontrol dan 44 wanita in partu dengan preeklamsi sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kadar asam urat serum pada wanita hamil normal adalah 3,43±0,14 mg/dL. Pada penelitian ini nilai titik potong kadar asam urat serum 4,8 mg/dL dengan nilai sensitivitas 93% dan spesifisitas 80%. Simpulan,kadar asam urat pada in partu preeklamsi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kehamilan normal. Peningkatan kadar asam urat dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu biomarker preeklamsi, sebaiknya kadar asam urat serum digunakan sebagai pemeriksaan serial pada ibu hamil saat pelayanan antenatal. [MKB. 2013;45(2):98–104]

Kata kunci: Biomarker, kadar asam urat, preeklamsi

Serum Levels of Uric Acid as a Biomarker in Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia remains a health problem that becomes one of the causes of maternal deaths besides bleeding and infection. The etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia are unclear. Increased serum uric acid levels is seen simultaneously with the increase of blood pressure and occurred before the onset of proteinuria. Therefore, the uric acid can be used as a biomarker. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum uric acid levels between normal and preeclampsia pregnancies. The study was conducted in Dr.Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung between March and May 2011, using cross sectional study design. Subjects were 45 inpartu normal pregnant women as control and 44 in partu pregnant women with preeclampsia accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Levels of uric acid in normal pregnancy are 3,43 ±0.14 mg/dL. In this study uric acid levels resulting in cut-off levels of 4,8 mg/dL with a sensitivity value of 93%, and specificity 80%. Conclusions: uric acid levels in at term preeclampsia are higher compared with normal pregnancies. Increased levels of uric acid can be considered as one of biomarkers of preeclampsia, hence the serum uric acid levels used as serial examinations in pregnant women during antenatal care. [MKB. 2013;45(2):98–104]

Key words: Biomarker, preeclampsia, uric acid level

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n2.89