Pengaruh Hemodialisis Terhadap Kejadian Kurang Pendengaran Sensorineural Pada Penderita Gagal Ginjal Kronik

Abstract

Kurang pendengaran sensorineural (KPSN) dapat terjadi pada kasus gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) yang dilakukan hemodialisis (HD). KPSN akibat HD terjadi pada berbagai frekuensi. Faktor yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi adalah usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus (DM). Menganalisis pengaruh HD terhadap kejadian KPSN pada penderita GGK. Penelitian kohort pada 52 penderita GGK yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Terdiri dari dua kelompok, 26 penderita GGK mendapat HD dan 26 penderita GGK tanpa HD. Kelompok HD dilakukan pemeriksaan timpanoaudiometri sebelum HD dan setelah HD III. Kelompok tanpa HD dilakukan pemeriksaan timpanoaudiometri dalam waktu yang sama. Data usia, hipertensi, DM diperoleh dari rekam medik. Analisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Didapatkan 30,7% penderita KPSN dari kelompok HD, terdiri dari 26,9% derajat ringan dan 3,8% derajat sedang. Rerata penurunan NAP adalah 8,13 ± 5,30. Tidak didapatkan KPSN pada kelompok tanpa HD. Hemodialisis berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KPSN (p=0,004). Usia (p=0,084), hipertensi (p=0,215), DM (p=0,683) tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KPSN. Hemodialisis berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KPSN. Usia, hipertensi dan DM tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian KPSN. [MKB. 2016;48(2):98–104]

Kata kunci: Gagal ginjal kronik, hemodialisis, kurang pendengaran sensorineural

The Effect of Hemodialysis on Sensorineural Hearing Loss in  Chronic Renal Failure Patients

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can occur in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) who receive hemodialysis (HD). SNHL is caused by hemodialysis occured in any frequency. The factors affect the disease include, among others, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM).  The effect of hemodialysis onSNHL occurrence in patients with CRF was analyzed in this study. It was a cohort study on 52 patients with CRF who met the inclusion criteria. The sample consists of two groups, 26 patients with CRF who received hemodialysis and 26 patients with CRF who did not received hemodialysis. Timpanoaudiometry was performed on HD group (patient with HD) before the first HD and after the third HD. Timpanoaudiometry was performed on HD group (patient without HD) at the same time with  the first group. The data on age, hypertension, and DM were obtained from medical records. The results were analyzed with Chi-Square test. It was found that 30.7% SNHL patients  were in the HD group consisting of 26.9% mild degree patients and 3.8% moderate degree patients . Mean of hearing threshold decrease was 8.13 ± 5.30. There was no patient with SNHL in the non-HD group. Analysis with Chi-Square test showed that hemodialysis affects SNHL occurrence (p=0.004). Age (p=0.084), hypertension (p=0.215), and DM (p=0.683) do not affect SNHL occurrence. It is concluded that hemodialysis affects SNHL occurrence whileage, hypertension, and DM do not. [MKB. 2016;48(2):98–104]

Key words: Chronic renal failure, hemodialysis, sensorineural hearing loss