Gambaran Subtipe HIV-1 dengan Kadar CD4, Stadium Klinis, dan Infeksi Oportunistik Penderita HIV/AIDS di Kota dan Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua

Abstract

Jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia akhir Maret 2013 tercatat 103.759 kasus dan 43.347 kasus AIDS yang tersebar di Indonesia. Papua merupakan provinsi ketiga yang memiliki jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS cukup tinggi, yaitu 10.881 kasus HIV dan 7.795 kasus AIDS. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat distribusi subtipe HIV-1 yang dominan di Papua dan mengetahui hubungan subtipe HIV-1 dengan kadar CD4, stadium klinis, dan infeksi oportunistik penderita HIV/AIDS. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Pemeriksaan subtipe HIV-1 menggunakan RT-PCR dan sekuensing. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RSUD Dok II, RS Abepura, dan RSUD Yowari Kabupaten Jayapura pada bulan November–Desember 2012. Data CD4, stadium klinis, dan jenis infeksi oportunistik dicatat melalui rekam medis pasien. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi-kuadrat. Subtipe HIV-1 yang dominan ditemukan, yaitu CRF01_AE sebanyak 51 orang (54%) dan subtipe B sebanyak 43 orang (46%). Dari 94 pasien HIV sebanyak 62 orang (66%) menderita infeksi oportunistik TB paru dan beberapa menderita lebih dari satu jenis infeksi oportunistik. Uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna subtipe HIV-1 dengan kadar CD4 dan stadium klinis, tetapi menunjukkan korelasi bermakna terhadap infeksi oportunistik. Simpulan ditemukan subtipe HIV-1 yang dominan di Papua adalah CRF01_AE dan infeksi oportunistik terbanyak pada penderita adalah tuberkulosis. [MKB. 2016;48(1):1–6]

Kata kunci: CD4, infeksi oportunistik, stadium klinis, subtipe HIV-1

Overview of HIV-1 Subtype with CD4 Levels, Clinical Stage and Opportunistic Infections HIV/AIDS in City and Regency of Jayapura-Papua

Abstract

The number of HIV/AIDS cases recorded in March 2013 in Indonesia is 103,759 HIV cases and 43,347 AIDS cases. Papua is the province that has the third highest number HIV/AIDS cases with 10,881 HIV cases and 7,795 AIDS cases. The aim of this study was to identify the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes which are dominant in Papua and to identify opportunistic infections related to HIV/AIDS and their relationship with HIV-1 subtypes. This study is a cross-sectional study. The identification of HIV-1 was performed using nested-PCR and sequencing to look for HIV-1 subtypes. The study was conducted in Dok II, Abepura and Yowari VCT Hospital in Jayapura District during the period of November–December 2012. CD4 and opportunistic infections were retrieved from patient medical records. Data were analyzed statistically using chi-square test. The dominant HIV-1 subtypes found were subtype CRF01-AE, which was found in 51 people (54%), and subtype B, which was found in 43 people (46%). Of 94 HIV patients, 62 (66%) respondents suffered from pulmonary tubeculosis opportunistic infection and some patients suffered more than one type of opportunistic infections. There was no significant difference found between the HIV-1 subtypes, CD4 level, and clinicial stage. However, a significant correlation with opportunistic infections was found. It is concluded that the dominant HIV-1 subtype in Papua is CRF01_AE with tuberculosis as the most frequent opportunistic infection. [MKB. 2016;48(1):1–6]

Key words: CD4, clinical stage, HIV-1 subtypes, opportunistic infection