Skinfold Thickness and Mid-upper Arm Circumference in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can impair the kidneys' capacity to manage nutrition, and any nutritional imbalances in CKD may affect the disease's progression. This study evaluated triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as indicators of nutritional status in children with early- and late-stage CKD at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with secondary data from the nephrology division registry collected between August 2021 and August 2022. Data analysis was conducted with Microsoft Excel. The study involved 65 participants, with 32 in the early stage and 33 in the late stage. For early-stage patients, the average TSF was 13.75 mm and the MUAC was 12 cm, while, the average TSF an MUAC in the late stage were 11.39 mm and 11.70 cm, respectively. Based on TSF percentiles, most patients fell within the normal range, whereas MUAC measurements indicated that the majority were below normal. In terms of %TSF, most early-stage patients had above-average values, whereas late-stage patients were below average. All MUAC measurements indicated below-average values for both stages. Overall, TSF percentiles suggested that most patients had adequate nutritional status; however, %TSF revealed excess adiposity in early-stage patients and deficits in late-stage patients. MUAC consistently indicated deficits across both groups.
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease, mid-upper arm circumference, nutritional status, pediatric, skinfold thickness
Full Text:
PDFReferences
- KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4):A1. doi:10.1016/s0085-2538(24)00110-8
- Schnaper HW. Pathophysiology of progressive renal disease in children. In: Pediatric Nephrology. 7th ed. Berlin: Springer; 2015. p. 2171-2206. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43596-0_58
- Zhang H, Tao Y, Wang Z, Lu J, Bhatt GC. Evaluation of nutritional status and prognostic impact assessed by the prognostic nutritional index in children with chronic kidney disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(34):e16713. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016713
- Souza VA, Oliveira D, Mansur HN, Fernandes NM, Bastos MG. Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease. J Bras Nefrol. 2015;37(1):98–105. doi:10.5935/0101-2800.20150014
- Burrowes JD, Kovesdy CP. Nutrition in Kidney Disease. 3rd ed. Cham: Humana Press; 2020. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44858-5
- Iyengar A. Nutrition assessment tools in children with chronic kidney disease. Asian J Pediatr Nephrol. 2022;5(1):7. doi:10.4103/ajpn.ajpn_8_22
- Oliveira EA, Cheung WW, Toma KG, Mak RH. Muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018;33(5):789–98. doi:10.1007/s00467-017-3684-6
- Saenz-Pardo-Reyes E, Housni FE, López-Espinoza A, Moreno AGM, Padilla Galindo MR. Evaluation of nutritional status in patients with end-stage renal disease in hemodialysis using principal component analysis. Prog Nutr. 2020;22(1):96–105. doi:10.23751/pn.v22i1.7944
- Yilmaz D, Sönmez F, Karakaş S, Yavaşcan Ö, Aksu N, Ömürlü IK, et al. Evaluation of nutritional status in children during predialysis, or treated by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. J Trop Pediatr. 2016;62(3):178–84. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmv094
- Oladele CO, Unuigbe E, Chukwuonye II, Obi EC, Ohagwu KA, Oladele G, et al. Assessment of nutritional status in patients with chronic kidney disease in Nigeria. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2021;32(2):445–54. doi:10.4103/1319-2442.335457
- Cheng TC, Huang SH, Kao CL, Hsu PC. Muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease: mechanism and clinical implications—a narrative review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(11):6047. doi:10.3390/ijms23116047
- Lotfy HM, Sabry SM, Ghobrial EE, Abed SA. The effect of regular hemodialysis on the nutritional status of children with end-stage renal disease. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2015;26(2):263–70.
- Canpolat N, Sever L, Agbas A, Tasdemir M, Oruc C, Ekmekci OB, et al. Leptin and ghrelin in chronic kidney disease: their associations with protein-energy wasting. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018;33(11):2113–22. doi:10.1007/s00467-018-4002-7
- VanDeVoorde RG, Mitsnefes MM. Hypertension and CKD. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2011;18(5):355–61. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2011.03.003
- Schmidt R. Prevalence and predictive value of hypoalbuminemia in Appalachians with chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol Urol. 2012;1(1):27–32. doi:10.4021/wjnu3e
- Dahal K, Baral A, Sah KK, Shrestha JR, Niraula A, Hada R. Cardiovascular risk factors in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients of Nepal. J Adv Intern Med. 2020;9(2):47–53. doi:10.3126/jaim.v9i2.32813
- Kisic B, Miric D, Dragojevic I, Rasic J, Popovic L. Role of myeloperoxidase in patients with chronic kidney disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1069743. doi:10.1155/2016/1069743
- Masalskienė J, Rudaitis Š, Vitkevič R, Čerkauskienė R, Dobilienė D, Jankauskienė A. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children: a report from Lithuania. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021;57(2):112. doi:10.3390/medicina57020112
- Atkinson MA, Warady BA. Anemia in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018;33(2):227–38. doi:10.1007/s00467-017-3663-y
- Kalpatthi R, Atkinson MA, Warady BA. Special populations with anemia: anemia in the pediatric patient. In: Management of Anemia. Cham: Springer; 2018. p. 199–218. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7360-6_12
- Tutupoho RV, Asmaningsih N, Prasetyo RV. Association of malnutrition with renal function in children with kidney disease. GSC Biol Pharm Sci. 2021;17(3):100–6. doi:10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.3.0354
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v57.4046
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 28 timesPDF - 13 times

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
View My Stats