PERBANDINGAN ANGKA POSITIVITAS DAN WAKTU DETEKSI PERTUMBUHAN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ANTARA MEDIA BIAKAN CAIR KOLOROMETRIK DAN MEDIA PADAT OGAWA PADA SPESIMEN SPUTUM,CAIRAN PLEURA, DAN CAIRAN SEREBROSPINAL

Abstract

Biakan merupakan pemeriksaan baku emas untuk diagnosis tuberkulosis (TB). Pertumbuhan M. tuberculosis pada medium padat memerlukan waktu 3-4 minggu, sedangkan pada medium cair lebih cepat tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan angka positivitas dan waktu deteksi pertumbuhan M. tuberculosis antara medium cair kolorimetrik dan medium padat Ogawa. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSHS periode Juni- Desember 2007. Subjek penelitian adalah penderita tersangka TB paru, pleura, atau meningen. Analisis statistik menggunakan chi square dan independent t test. Spesimen penelitian terdiri dari 71 sputum, 24 cairan pleura, dan 20 cairan serebrospinal (CSS). Pada medium cair biakan positif M. tuberculosis dari sputum adalah 69%, cairan pleura 41,7%, CSS 60%; pada medium padat dari sputum 52,1%, cairan pleura 25%, CSS 20%. Angka positivitas medium cair berbeda bermakna untuk sputum dan CSS (p<0,05). Rerata waktu deteksi pertumbuhan pada medium cair untuk sputum 15,2 (±8,7) hari, cairan pleura 8 (±12,7) hari, CSS 13,5 (±19,5) hari. Rerata waktu deteksi pertumbuhan pada medium padat untuk sputum 23 (±9) hari, cairan pleura 36 (±18,3) hari, dan CSS 32 (±11,4) hari. Waktu deteksi pertumbuhan M. tuberculosis pada medium cair berbeda bermakna untuk sputum dan cairan pleura (p<0,05). Medium cair memberikan angka positivitas lebih tinggi dan waktu deteksi pertumbuhan M. tuberculosis lebih cepat dibandingkan medium padat, sehingga baik untuk diagnosis TB.

Kata kunci: M. tuberculosis, sputum, cairan pleura, CSS, medium padat, medium cair, angka positivitas, waktu deteksi pertumbuhan

COMPARISON OF THE POSITIVITY AND MEAN DETECTION TIME OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS GROWTH USING COLORIMETRIC LIQUID MEDIA AND OGAWA SOLID MEDIA WITH SPECIMENS FROM SPUTUM, PLEURAL FLUID AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Cultivation is the gold standard in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). M. tuberculosis needs 3-4 weeks to growth in solid media, but it is growing faster in liquid media. The aim of this study was to compare the positivity rate and detection time of M. tuberculosis growth using colorimetric liquid and Ogawa solid media. This study did in Laboratory of Clinical Pathology Hasan Sadikin Hospital during June-Desember 2007. The subject was pulmonary, pleuritis or meningitis TB patients. The statistic analyzed using chi square and independent t test. The specimens were 71 sputums, 24 pleural fluids, 20 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). The positivity rate of liquid media for sputums were 69%, pleural fluids 41.7%, CSF 60%. The positivity rate of solid media for sputums were 52.1%, pleural fluids 25%, CSF 20%. The positivity rate in liquid media was significant for sputum and CSF (p=0..05). The mean detection time in liquid media for sputums were 15.2 (±8.7) days, pleural fluids 8 (±12.7) days, CSF 13.5 (±19.5) days. The mean detection time in solid media for sputums 23 (±9) days, pleural fluids 36 (±18.3) days, CSF 32 (±11.4) days. The mean detection time in liquid media was significant for sputum and pleural fluid (p=0.05). The positivity rate and detection time of M. tuberculosis growth in colorimetric liquid media are higher and faster than in Ogawa solid media, so it is better for diagnosing TB.

Key words: M. tuberculosis, sputum, pleural fluid, CSF, liquid media, solid media, positivity rate, mean detection time

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v41n2.262