Accuracy of Urine Cytology In Detecting Bladder Cancer
Abstract
One of the most prevalent and deadly cancers in men is bladder cancer. To achieve the best possible outcome, physicians need to diagnose it promptly. The gold standard for diagnosis is tissue biopsy, but this method is invasive. There is another option for non-invasive diagnostic using urine cytology. The purpose of this study was to measure the accuracy of urine cytology in diagnosed bladder cancer patients. This study extracted data from patients medical records in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia from 2009–2019. The diagnostic accuracy was then compared between urine cytology and biopsy as the gold standard. Data on subjects’ baseline characteristics and diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV) were collected. Results were then stratified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer pathology staging for bladder cancer. Of 124 study subjects, male was more dominant (male,88% versus female, 12%) Seventy-five patients had a T1-tumor stage. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy was as follows:sensitivity, 47.8%; specificity, 90.9%; PPV, 98.2%; and NPV, 14.5%. High-grade tumors were shown to have a higher sensitivity. The highest accuracy was found in the MIBC grade T3, which was 90.68%. For diagnostic accuracy, urine cytology offered high specificity, but low sensitivity. The exploration of other markers is needed to establish a non-invasive but accurate method to diagnose bladder cancer.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Saginala K, Barsouk A, Aluru JS, Rawla P, Padala SA, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer. Med Sci. 2020;8(15):1–12.
Zhu C-Z, Ting H-N, Ng K-H, Ong T-A. A review on the accuracy of bladder cancer detection methods. J Cancer. 2019;10(17):4038.
Clin B, Pairon J-C. Medical follow-up for workers exposed to bladder carcinogens: the French evidence-based and pragmatic statement. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1155.
Hollenbeck BK, Dunn RL, Ye Z, Hollingsworth JM, Skolarus TA, Kim SP, et al. Delays in diagnosis and bladder cancer mortality. Cancer. 2010;116(22):5235–42.
Yafi FA, Brimo F, Steinberg J, Aprikian AG, Tanguay S, Kassouf W. Prospective analysis of sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytology and other urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer. In: Urologic oncology: seminars and original investigations. Elsevier; 2015. p. 66-e25.
Planz B, Jochims E, Deix T, Caspers HP, Jakse G, Boecking A. The role of urinary cytology for detection of bladder cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005;31(3):304–8.
Brimo F, Vollmer RT, Case B, Aprikian A, Kassouf W, Auger M. Accuracy of urine cytology and the significance of an atypical category. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(5):785–93.
Oeyen E, Hoekx L, De Wachter S, Baldewijns M, Ameye F, Mertens I. Bladder cancer diagnosis and follow-up: the current status and possible role of extracellular vesicles. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(4):821.
Zhang L, Wu B, Zha Z, Qu W, Zhao H, Yuan J. Clinicopathological factors in bladder cancer for cancer-specific survival outcomes following radical cystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):716.
Reid MD, Osunkoya AO, Siddiqui MT, Looney SW. Accuracy of grading of urothelial carcinoma on urine cytology: an analysis of interobserver and intraobserver agreement. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012;5(9):882.
Gopalakrishna A, Longo TA, Fantony JJ, Owusu R, Foo W-C, Dash R, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of urine-based tests for bladder cancer varies greatly by patient. BMC Urol. 2016;16(1):30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2460
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 613 timesPDF - 460 times
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
View My Stats