Eosinofil Kerokan Mukosa Hidung Sebagai Diagnostik Rinitis Alergi

Abstract

Rinitis alergi merupakan gangguan fungsi hidung, terjadi setelah pajanan alergen melalui inflamasi mukosa hidung yang diperantarai IgE. Walaupun rinitis alergi bukan penyakit yang berat, penyakit ini dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup penderita. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA-WHO) menganjurkan tes kulit tusuk (TKT) sebagai pemeriksaan penunjang diagnostik, tetapi tidak semua sarana kesehatan memiliki fasilitas tersebut, oleh karena itu perlu dipilih pemeriksaan alternatif yang sesuai atau setara yaitu eosinofil kerokan mukosa hidung. Suatu uji diagnostik dilakukan pada 50 subjek tersangka rinitis alergi periode Februari-April 2005 di poliklinik alergi Bagian THT-KL FKUP–RSHS. Sebanyak 78% penderita menunjukkan TKT positif, 76% terdapat eosinofil pada mukosa hidung, 64% positif terhadap kedua pemeriksaan. Uji statistik menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara TKT positif dan eosinofil positif (X2= 3,559; p = 0,03), sensitivitas eosinofil kerokan mukosa hidung 82,1% (95%CI: 82,02-82,18), spesifisitas 64,3% (95% CI: 63,52-65,08), dan akurasi 74% (95% CI: 73,94–74,06). Penelitian ini menunjukkan pemeriksaan eosinofil kerokan mukosa hidung dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti tes kulit tusuk pada sarana kesehatan yang tidak mempunyai fasilitas tersebut. [MKB. 2010;42(1):6-11].

Nasal Scrapping Eosinophil As a Diagnostic Test for Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is clinically defined as a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced by IgE mediated inflammation. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA-WHO) recommended the use of skin prick test (SPT) as a diagnostic test, but the facility to acquire this method is not always available at some of the health centres, therefore alternative diagnostic test should be performed such as nasal smear eosinophil count. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of nasal smear eosinophilia compared with SPT for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. A diagnostic study using the cross sectional design, conducted in Department of ORL-HNS at FKUP-RSHS (February-April 2005). Fifty patients with a clinical history suggestive of nasal allergy were studied. A positive SPT
was demonstrated in 78% of the study population, 76% of the patients demonstrated positive eosinophil count. There was 64% correlation between positive SPT and nasal eosinophil and it was statistically significant (X2= 3.559;p=0.03). The sensitivity of nasal smear eosinophilia count was 82.1% (95% CI 82.02-82.18), specificity 64.3% (95%CI 63.52-65.08), and accuracy 74% (95% CI 73.94-74.06). The eosinophil count of nasal scrapping can be used as the replacement of the SPT at the health centre which do not have the SPT facility.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n1.2