Role of Cystatin-C as Serum Biomarkers in Predicting Glomerular Function-Associated with Copper-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Fiska Maya Wardhani, Linda Chiuman, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, Sahna Ferdinand Ginting

Abstract


Cystatin C is a 13 kD molecular-weight protein synthesized by all nucleated cells which functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor. Cystatin C is detectable when kidney function decreases due to the excessive accumulation of nephrotoxic substances such as copper. Previous studies have proven that white turmeric rhizome can act as a nephroprotector agent at a dose of 500mg/BW. The purpose of this study was to compare Cystatin-C marker and serum creatinine as biomarkers in the examination of acute kidney injuries induced by nephrotoxic substance. This was a post-test only controlled experimental study on wistar strain male rats that were divided randomly using simple random sampling approach into three groups: normal control group, treatment control group (Curcumin for 2 weeks followed by CuSO4 for 3 days at each weekend), and CuSO4 pentahydrate control group. This study was conducted in Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine of the University of North Sumatera in May to August 2019. Results were normally distributed with significant differences in levels of Cystatin-C, creatinine, and protein serum due to differences in the treatment of each group  (p<0.05). Serum Cystatin-C is proven to be a more sensitive biomarker for detecting acute kidney damage compared to serum creatinine.


 Peran Cystatin-C sebagai Biomarker Serum dalam Memprediksi Fungsi Glomerulus-Terkait dengan Cedera Ginjal Akut yang Dipicu Tembaga

Cystatin C adalah  protein dengan berat molekul 13 kD disintesis oleh setiap sel yang memiliki inti berfungsi sebagai inhibitor protease sistein. Cystatin C terdeteksi ketika fungsi ginjal menurun oleh zat nefrotoksik seperti tembaga. Tembaga merupakan salah satu logam yang dapat menjadi zat nefrotoksik bila terakumulasi berlebihan. Ekstrak rimpang kunyit putih memiliki manfaat sebagai nefroprotektor dengan dosis  mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan Cystatin-C dan kreatinin serum sebagai biomarker dalam pemeriksaan kerusakan ginjal akut akibat zat nefrotoksik. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan the post test only control group design dengan teknik simple random sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Farmasi dan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2019. Tikus jantan dengan galur wistar dibagi tiga kelompok; kontrol normal, kontrol kunyit putih (500 mg/kgBB) sebagai pre-treatment (curcumin selama 2 minggu diikuti CuSO4selama 3 hari di setiap akhir pekan), dan kontrol  CuSO4 pentahidrat. Hasil analisis data terdistribusi normal dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kadar Cystatin-C, kreatinin dan protein serum pada setiap kelompok dimana nilai p<0.05. Cystatin-C serum sebagai biomarker lebih sensitif dalam mendeteksi kerusakan ginjal akut dibanding dengan kreatinin serum.


Keywords


Copper, Cystatin-C, Nephroprotector, Nephrotoxic, White Turmeric

Full Text:

PDF

References


Wilson L. Toxic metals and human health. Toxic Metals in Human Health and Disease. 2nd ed. Mexico: Eck Institute Nutrition Bioenergetics. 2012;1–37.

Pratama DA. Efektivitas Ampas Teh Sebagai Adsorben Alternatif Logam Fe Dan Cu Pada Air Sungai Mahakam. Journal Integrasi Proses. 2017; 6(3).

Trujillo J, Chirino YI, Molina-Jijón E, Andérica-Romero AC, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Renoprotective effect of the antioxidant curcumin: Recent findings. Redox Biology. 2013;1(1):448–56.

Adiyanti SS, Loho T. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) biomarker. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2012; 44(3): 246.

Dodiya H, Jain M, Goswami S. Study of urinary biomarkers for nephrotoxicity in wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2011; 6(6): 571–9.

Setiawan D, Harun H, Azmi S, Priyono D. Biomarker Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) pada Sepsis. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2018;7(Supplement 2):113–8.

Hashish EA, Elgaml SA. Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Effect of Curcumin Against Copper Toxicity in Rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. Biochem [Internet]. 2015/10/05. 2016 Jul; 31(3): 270–7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382197

Banks RE. Guinea pig. Exotic small mammal care and husbandry. Iowa, Ames (IA): Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 85-92.

Andreucci M, Faga T, Pisani A, Perticone M, Michael A. The ischemic/nephrotoxic acute kidney injury and the use of renal biomarkers in clinical practice. European Journal of Internal Medicine [Internet]. 2017; 39:1–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2016.12.001

Prozialeck WC, VanDreel A, Ackerman CD, Stock I, Papaeliou A, Yasmine C, et al. Evaluation of cystatin C as an early biomarker of cadmium nephrotoxicity in the rat. BioMetals. 2016; 29(1): 131–46.

Adiyanti SS, Loho T. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) biomarker. Acta Med Indones. 2012; 44(3): 246–55.

Khouja H. Turmeric ( Curcuma Longa ) protection against the Liver Toxicity Caused by Aluminum Chloride ( AlCl3 ) in Adult Male Rats. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 2017; 6(2): 110–27.

Khalandar SD, Adithya TN, Basha SJ, Koshma M, Subbareddy UV, Reddy V. A Current Review on Curcuma Longa Linn. Plant. Int J Pharm Chem Biol Sci. 2018;8(1):68-73.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v52n1.1793

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 1219 times
PDF - 588 times

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


 


Creative Commons License
MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

 


View My Stats