Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin dengan Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp) pada Tikus Model Anemia Defisiensi Besi

Abstract

Defisiensi zat besi merupakan penyebab utama anemia di negara berkembang. Kadar hemoglobin darah digunakan sebagai penanda anemia defisiensi besi. Indonesia kaya bahan makanan tinggi zat besi namun belum diketahui kemanfaatannya seperti daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp). Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada tikus model anemia defisiensi besi sesudah pemberian ekstrak daun salam. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancang acak lengkap dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi Fakultas Kedokteran Unpad periode 4 Mei–19 Juni 2018. Sebanyak 20 ekor tikus Wistar betina berumur 7 minggu diinduksi menggunakan alumunium sulfat 67,5 mg/kg BB secara intramuskuler selama 7 hari, dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu K1 (tanpa perlakuan) K2 (tablet tambah darah 5,4 mg), P1 (ekstrak daun salam 2,2 mg), P2 (ekstrak daun salam 4,4 mg), P3 (ekstrak daun salam 6,6 mg). Kadar hemoglobin diukur menggunakan auto hematology analyzer sysmex. Uji LSD menunjukkan rerata kadar hemoglobin setelah perlakuan pada kelompok perlakuan berbeda signifikan dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (p<0,05) dan tidak berbeda signifikan dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol positif (p>0,05). Analisis uji median menunjukkan peningkatan kadar hemoglobin berbeda signifikan pada K2, P1, P2, dan P3 (p<0,05). Disimpulkan, ekstrak daun salam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin pada tikus model anemia defisiensi besi.

Increasing Hemoglobin Level Using Bay Leaf (Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp) Extraction in Rats Models with Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency is a major cause of anemia in developing countries. Blood hemoglobin level is used as a marker of iron-deficiency anemia. Iron-rich foods that are not widely known can easily be found in Indonesia, including bay leaf. The aim of this study was to determine the increase in hemoglobin level after the administration of bay leaf extract in rat models with iron-deficiency anemia. This experimental study used completely randomized sampling technique and was performed at Pharmacology and Therapy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, from 4 May to 19 June 2018. Twenty 7-week-old female Wistar rats were induced intramuscularly by 67,5 mg/kg BW alumunum sulfate for 7 days and were divided into 5 groups: K1 (without treatment), K2 (5.4 mg of ferrous sulphate), P1 (2.2 mg bayleaf extract), P2 (4.4 mg  bay leaf extract), P3 (6.6 mg bay leaf extract). Hemoglobin levels were measured using Auto Hematology Analyzer Sysmex. Results froom LSD test showed that the average hemoglobin levels after treatment in treatment groups were significantly different from that of the negative control group (p<0.05) and there was no  significant difference when compared to the positive control group (p>0.05). The median analysis test showed that there were significant differences in the increase of hemoglobin levels among K2, P1, P2, and P3 (p<0.05). It is concluded that bay leaf simplicia increases the hemoglobin level in rat model with iron-deficiency anemia.