Efek Hepatoprotektif Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) pada Tikus Model Hepatitis
Abstract
Hepatitis disebabkan oleh polutan yang menimbulkan stres oksidatif. Secara tradisional rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) mengandung flavonoid, suatu antioksidan yang digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit hati. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan efek hepatoprotektif ekstrak etanol bunga rosella segar (EEBRS) terhadap kadar malondialdehid (MDA) hati, serum glutamic piruvic transaminase (SGPT), dan kerusakan morfologi hepatosit tikus model hepatitis dibandingkan dengan efek vitamin E. Telah dilakukan penelitian ekperimental laboratorik di Departemen Farmakologi dan Terapi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran-Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Agustus 2009 dengan menggunakan 25 ekor tikus Wistar jantan dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok 1/kontrol negatif, kelompok 2/kontrol positif (model hepatitis-karbon tetraklorida/CCl4), kelompok 3 dan 4 merupakan model hepatitis yang selama 8 hari sebelumnya mendapat EEBRS 125 mg/kgBB/hr (kelompok 3) dan vitamin E 2,7 IU/hari per oral (kelompok 4), sedangkan kelompok 5 mendapat EEBRS. Pengamatan dilakukan 48 jam setelah induksi dengan CCl4. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji analysis of varian (ANOVA) dan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EEBRS mencegah kenaikan kadar MDA hati dan SGPT, berbeda secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (MDA p=0,00; SGPT p=0,041) dan tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok 4 (MDA p=1,00; SGPT p=0,192). Gambaran histopatologi hati kelompok 3 berupa vakuolisasi makrovesikular, pada tikus model hepatitis berupa vakuolisasi mikrovesikular, sedangkan vitamin E menghambat kerusakan morfologi. Simpulan, EEBRS memiliki efek hepatoprotektif sebagai antioksidan pada tikus model hepatitis namun efeknya tidak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan vitamin E. [MKB. 2012;44(2):83–9].
Kata kunci: Hepatosit, MDA, rosella, SGPT
The Hepatoprotective Effect of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on Hepatitis Model Rats
Hepatitis is initiated by pollutant which caused oxidative stress. Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contain flavonoid, an antioxidant which has been used traditionally in treating liver disease. The study aims to define the hepatoprotective effects of fresh rosella calyx ethanol extract (FRCEE) on hepatitis model rats with liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum glutamic piruvic transaminase (SGPT) level and hepatocyte morphology damage compared to vitamin E’s effects. The laboratory experimental study has been conducted on August 2009 at Department Pharmacology and Therapy Faculty of Medicine Padjadjaran University/Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital in 25 male Wistar rats, divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was negative control, group 2 was positive control (carbon tetrachloride/CCl4-hepatitis model rats), group 3 and 4 were hepatitis model rats that subsequently given 125 mg/kgBW of FRCEE (group 3) and 2.7 IU of vitamin E (group 4) for 8 days; group 5 was given FRCEE. Observations were done 48 hours after CCL4 induction. The results were analyzed by analysis of varian (ANOVA) and Tukey. The result showed that FRCEE inhibited increasing of liver MDA and SGPT level significantly different compared to positive control (MDA p=0.00, SGPT p=0.041) but not significantly different to group 4 (MDA p=1.00, SGPT p=0.192). Histological features showed macrovesicular on group 3, microvesicular vacuole on group 2; whereas vitamin E inhibited morphological damage. In conclusion, FRCEE has hepatoprotective effect on hepatitis model rats as antioxidant, but not superior compared to vitamin E. [MKB. 2012;44(2):83–9].
Key words: Hepatocyte, MDA, rosella, SGPT
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