Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung

Shiane Hanako Sheba, Henni Djuhaeni, Budi Setiabudiawan, Deni K. Sunjaya, Kuswandewi Mutyara, Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan

Abstract


Lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES) merupakan penyakit autoimun kronik yang mengharuskan penyandangnya minum obat dalam waktu lama bahkan seumur hidupnya. Keadaan ini selain menimbulkan dampak fisik, psikis maupun sosial juga menyebabkab biaya tinggi sehingga LES digolongkan sebagai penyakit catastrophic. Ketidakpatuhan minum obat penyandang LES akan berpengaruh langsung terhadap memburuknya outcome penyakit lupus. Penelitian bertujuan mengeksplorasi pelaksanaan dan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien LES dengan harapan terjadinya perbaikan penatalaksanaan LES yang berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas hidup serta penurunan angka kematian karena LES. Telah dilakukan penelitian kualitatif terhadap 6 informan pasien LES suku Sunda di klinik reumatologi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Juli sampai September 2016 dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara mendalam open question yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan jawaban informan. Paradigma penelitan adalah constructivism dengan triangulasi terhadap 2 orang keluarga pasien dan 3 dokter konsultan klinik reumatologi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara bertahap melalui proses transkripsi, reduksi, koding, kategorisasi, penyusunan tema, interprestasi data serta pembangunan konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 57 koding, 14 kategori, dan 3 tema yang mengarah kepada kepatuhan minum obat pasien LES. Ke-14 kategori kepatuhan tersebut terdiri dari: karakteristik individu, daya ingat, pengetahuan, eksperimen, dan manajemen konsumsi (faktor predisposing); karakteristik penyakit, karakteristik obat, biaya, kebijakan rumah sakit, akses ke rumah sakit, terapi alternatif dan enabler agent (faktor enabling); karakteristik tenaga kesehatan dan dukungan eksternal dari berbagai pihak (faktor reinforcing). Konsep dan konstruk yang ditemukan membangun konstruk lokal Jawa Barat berlatar belakang karakteristik masyarakat Sunda dan bersifat kontekstual terhadap penyakit lupus.

Kata kunci: Kepatuhan minum obat, lupus eritematosus sistemik, odapus


Drug Adherence Drug in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that requires prolonged treatment. SLE creates physical, psychological, social, and economic burden for the patients; therefore, it is categorized as a catastrophic illness. Non-adherence to medication in SLE patient isan important factor that directly leads to poor outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the management and adherence of patients with SLE to improve the quality of life and to reduce the mortality rate. A qualitative study was undertaken to 6 sundanese SLE patients at the Rheumatology clinic in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in July-September 2016 by using open-ended questions in in-depth interviews with probing based on informant answers. The paradigm used was constructivism with triangulation to family members of 2 patients and 3 rheumatologist consultants in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Data collected were analyzed gradually through transcription, reduction, coding, categorizing, theme analysis, data interpretation, and theorizing. The results showed 57 codes, 14 categories, 3 themes that focused on the medication adherence of Lupus patients.The themes were categorized as predisposing (individual characteristics, memory, knowledge, experimentation, and consumption management), enabling (drug characteristic, cost, hospital policies, access to hospital, alternative therapy, and enabler agent), and reinforcing (characteristics of health care professionals and social support) according to the predetermined theory. This study has also identified the local concepts and constructs Sundanese people in West Java, which is contextual to the lupus disease.

Key words: Adherence, systemic lupus erythematosus, odapus


Keywords


Kepatuhan minum obat; lupus eritematosus sistemik; odapus

Full Text:

PDF

References


Kamen DL. Adjunctive and preventive measure. Dalam: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editor. Dubois, Lupus Erythematosus and related syndrome. Edisi ke-8. Philadelphia:Elsevier Saunders; 2013. hlm. 633-639.

Julian LJ, Yoolin E, Yazdany J, Panopalis P, Trupin L, Criswell LA, dkk. Depression, medication adherence and service utilization in Systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;62(2): 240-246. .

de Achaval S, Suarez Almazor ME. Treatment adherence to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Clin Rheumtol. 2010 June 1;(3): 313–326.

Bugni MV, Ozaki SS, Okamoto KYK. Factors associated with adherence to treatment in children and adolescents with chronic rheumatic diseases. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(6):483-8.

Abdul-Sattar AB, Abou El Magd SA.Determinants of medication non-adherence in Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Sharkia Governorate.Rheumatol Int. (abstract) 2015; 35 (6): 1045-51.

Feldman CH, Yazdany J, Guan H. Medication nonadherence is associated with increased subsequent acute care utilization among medicaid beneficiaries with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Care & Research. Vol. 67, No. 12, December 2015, pp 1712–1721.

Koneru S, Kocharla L, Higgins GC. Adherence To Medications In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Rheumatol 2008 ;14: 195–201.

Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Bandung. Statistik daerah kota Bandung 2015. Diunduh tanggal 27 November 2015. www.bandungkota.bps.go.id.

Perhimpunan Reumatologi Indonesia. Rekomendasi perhimpunan reumatologi Indonesia untuk diagnosis dan pengelolaan Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Reumatologi Indonesia; 2011. hlm.3, 10-11.

Paramita R, Margaretha. Pengaruh penerimaan diri terhadap penyesuaian diri pada penderita lupus. Jurnal Psikologi UNDIP Vol 12, No 1 2013.

Ward MM. Socioeconomic and Disability Aspects. Dalam: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editor. Dubois, Lupus Erythematosus and related syndrome. Edisi ke-8. Philadelphia:Elsevier Saunders; 2013. hlm. 653-658.

Horne R, Weinman J, Barber N, et al. Concordance, adherence and compliance in medicine taking: Report for the National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R & D (NCCSDO). London. 2005. hlm. 48-53.

Yuniar Y, Handayani RS, Aryastami NK. Faktor-faktor pendukung kepatuhan orang dengan HIV Aids (ODHA) dalam minum obat antiretroviral di kota Bandung dan Cimahi. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan 2013; 41 (2 Jun).

Sugiharti, Yuniar Y, Lestary H. Gambaran kepatuhan orang dengan HIV Aids (ODHA) dalam minum obat ARV di kota Bandung tahun 2011-2012. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan 2014 ; 5 (2).

Nugroho RA. Studi kualitatif faktor yang melatarbelakangi drop out pengobatan tuberkulosis paru. Kemas 2011; 7 (1): 83-90.

World Health Organization. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action.2013 [diunduh 10 Desember 2015]. Tersedia dari www.who.int.

Elder K, Ramamonjiarivelo Z, Wilthhire J, Piper C, Horn WS, Gilbert KL, dkk. Trust, Medication Adherence, and Hypertension Control in Southern African American Men. American Journal of Public Health December 2012,Vol 102, No. 12.

Ekadjati E.S. Kebudayaan Sunda; suatu pendekatan sejarah. Dunia Pustaka Jaya.Bandung. Cetakan 3 2014.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v50n1.1229

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 1530 times
PDF - 3230 times

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


 


Creative Commons License
MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

 


View My Stats