Deteksi Keberadaan Nyamuk Berdasarkan Ketinggian Gedung di Kawasan Kampus Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor
Abstract
Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Indonesia menurut data Kemenkes telah menjadi masalah kesehatan selama 45 tahun terakhir, sejak tahun 1968 sampai saat ini. Pada tahun 1973 dan 1983 progresivitasnya meningkat hingga lebih dari 50% kabupaten/kota telah terjangkit kasus DBD. Kabupaten Sumedang sendiri memiliki insidensi 63,75 per 1.000 penduduk dengan jumlah kasus DBD sekitar 715 kasus pada tahun 2012. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi persebaran nyamuk berdasarkan ketinggian gedung menggunakan media ovitrap dan mosquitoes light trap pada tujuh gedung bertingkat di kawasan kampus Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor yang memiliki ketinggian hingga level empat (9,1–12,0 m). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei–Juni 2017. Semua ovitrap diletakkan pada lokasi yang berpotensi sebagai breeding site di dalam ruangan selama satu minggu, tiap-tiap lantai terdapat tiga ovitrap dengan jarak antar ovitrap 1,5 m. Perangkap nyamuk diletakkan pada setiap sudut ruangan yang memiliki sumber arus listrik selama 24 jam dan pengumpulan sampel dilakukan dalam kurun waktu tiga hari berikutnya. Semua sampel kemudian diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor. Culex spp dan Aedes spp genus nyamuk yang dapat ditemukan pada gedung bertingkat di kawasan kampus Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor dengan jumlah terbanyak adalah Culex spp, sedangkan Aedes spp ditemukan dapat bertelur hingga tingkat tiga pada pemukiman yang padat.
Kata kunci: Gedung bertingkat, genus, light trap, nyamuk, ovitrap
Detection of Mosquito Presence based on Building Elevation in Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor
According to the Ministry of Health (KMoH), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has been a big problem in Indonesia since 1968. In 1973 and 1983, the progressivity of DHF has increased. DHF cases have spread to more than 50% of districts/cities. Sumedang District has an incidence rate of 63.75 per 1,000 residents with the number of dengue cases of 715 in 2012. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of the presence of mosquito based on building elevation using ovitraps and mosquito light traps. A survey was conducted in seven locations with four different elevations (9.1–12.0 m) in Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor campus during the period of May to June 2017. All ovitraps were each placed in a potential location for mosquito breeding site for one week. For each elevation, in this case, each floor, three ovitraps were placed with a distance 1.5 m from each other. Modified mosquito light trap was turned on for 24 hours and sample collection was performed after three days. All samples were brought to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran for identification. This study showed that two genera of mosquitoes were identified i.e. Culex spp and Aedes spp with Culex spp as the most frequently found genera. The eggs of Aedes spp can be found up to the third floor in dense settlements.
Key words: Genera, high level building, light trap, mosquito, ovitrap
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v50n1.1158
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