Uji Toksisitas Akut yang Diukur dengan Penentuan LD50 Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) pada Tikus Putih Strain Wistar
Abstract
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis uji toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) dengan penentuan LD50 pada tikus putih strain Wistar. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental laboratorium pada tikus putih strain Wistar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan April–Mei 2017. Tikus putih strain Wistar sebanyak 36 ekor dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Tikus putih strain Wistar pada setiap perlakuan diberikan secara oral ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles selama 7 hari pada tanggal 20–27 April 2017. Parameter uji toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dengan penentuan Lethal Doses (LD50) dengan dosis tunggal (limited doses) 2000 mg/kgBB menunjukkan tidak terjadi efek toksik dilihat dari bobot badan rata-rata sesudah perlakuan, perbandingan bobot badan antarkelompok sesudah perlakuan, kematian hewan coba (LD50 24 jam) dan gejala-gejala toksik klinis tikus putih strain Wistar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan bobot badan tikus putih strain Wistar pada kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 2000 mg/kgBB tidak menimbulkan efek toksik dibanding dengan kelompok ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles dosis 220 mg/kgBB, 110 mg/kgBB dan 55 mg/kgBB (p<0,05), begitu juga jika dibanding dengan kelompok pembanding Na CMC 1% dan kontrol akuades (p<0,05). Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) tidak memiliki efek toksik pada gejala-gejala klinisnya. [MKB. 2017;49(3):145–55]
Kata kunci: Bobot badan, Ekstrak etanol, LD50, uji toksisitas akut, umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.)
Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanol Extract of Iles-Iles Tuber (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) by Measuring Its LD50 in Wistar White Mice
This study aimed to analyze the acute toxicity test of ethanol extract of iles-iles tubers (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) through the measurement of LD50 in Wistar White Mice. This study was a laboratory experimental study using Wistar white mice conducted at the Pharmacology Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran during the period of April to May 2017. Thirty six Wistar white mice were divided into 6 groups. The experimental Wistar mice in treatment group received oral ethanol extract of iles-iles tuber for 7 days between 20 and 27 April 2017. The acute toxicity test of the iles-iles tuber ethanol extract as measured using the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) with a single dose (limited doses) of 2,000 mg/KgWt did not show any toxic effects as indicated by the mean body weight after treatment, weight ratio between groups after treatment, death of experimental animals (24 hours LD50), and clinical toxic symptoms of Wistar white mice. It was shown that the weight change in the mice receiving 2,000 mg/KgWt of iles-iles tuber ethanol extract did not lead to any toxic effect when compared to those receiving 220 mg/KgWt, 110 mg/KgWt, and 55 mg/KgWt (p<0,05). This was also true when compared to the comparison group of Na CMC 1% and aquadest control (p<0,05). Hence, iles-iles tuber (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.) ethanol extract does not have any toxic effect based on the clinical symptoms. [MKB. 2017;49(3):145–55]
Key words: Acute toxicity test, body weight, ethanol extract, iles-iles tubers (Amorphophallus variabilis Bl.), LD50
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v49n3.1130
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