Perbandingan Teknik Insersi Klasik dengan Teknik Insersi Triple Airway Manoeuvre terhadap Angka Keberhasilan dan Kemudahan Pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Klasik

Abstract

Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mencari metode yang dapat meningkatkan angka keberhasilan teknik insersi laryngeal mask airway (LMA) klasik dan mengurangi komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui angka keberhasilan dan kemudahan pemasangan LMA klasik pada teknik triple airway manoeuvre (TAM). Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental prospektif dengan metode acak terkontrol tersamar tunggal terhadap pasien yang menjalani operasi terencana dalam anestesi umum di kamar operasi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan April–Juli 2015. Tiga puluh enam pasien pasien berusia 18–60 tahun, status fisik berdasarkan American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) kelas I–II dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok teknik insersi klasik dan teknik insersi TAM. Pada teknik TAM, seorang penolong melakukan protrusi mandibula dan membuka mulut sementara seorang melakukan insersi LMA klasik. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji statistik Eksak Fisher dan Kolmogorov Smirnov. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan angka keberhasilan pemasangan dan kemudahan pemasangan LMA klasik pada kedua kelompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna (p<0,05) dengan teknik insersi TAM memiliki angka keberhasilan lebih tinggi daripada teknik insersi klasik (72,2%) dan teknik insersi TAM memiliki kejadian tahanan di orofaring lebih sedikit dibanding dengan teknik klasik (83,3%). Simpulan, teknik insersi TAM memiliki angka keberhasilan yang lebih tinggi daripada teknik insersi klasik sehingga.

Kata kunci: Laryngeal mask airway klasik, teknik triple airway manoeuvre, teknik insersi klasik

Comparison of Success Rate and Ease of Insertion of Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway when Inserted using Classic Insertion Technique and Triple Airway Maneuver Technique

Abstract

Various studies are seeking to find new methods to improve techniques of classic laryngeal mask airway (cLMA) insertion and reduce possible complications. This is a clinical study to investigate the succesrate and ease of insertion using triple airway maneuver(TAM) technique and to compare it with the classic technique. This experimental prospective study was conducted using the single-blind randomized controlled trial approach to patients underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia in the operating teather of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung during the period of April 2015 to July 2015. Thirty six patients aged 18–60 years old with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I–II status were randomly divided into two groups receiving either triple airway maneuver (TAM) technique or classic technique. In TAM technique, jaw thrust and mouth opening are facilitated by a technician and the anesthesiologist inserts the LMA. The collected data were analyzed using Fisher Exact and Kolmogorov Smirnov. The statistical analysis showed that the ratio of success rate and the ease of insertion of cLMA between both treatment groups was significantly different (p<0.05) where the TAM technique showed a higher success rate of insertion (72.2%) and less impacts on the oropharynx compared to the classic method (83.3%). Overall , in this study, the TAM technique is associated with higher of success rate compared to the classic technique and the ease of insertion of TAM method makes it worth to be considered as a safe and effective method to establish a secure airway in anesthetized patients.

Key words: Classic laryngeal mask airway, ease of insertion, success rate, triple airway manoeuvre

DOI: 10.15851/jap.v4n3.900