Gambaran Letak Saraf Radialis, Ulnaris, Medianus, dan Muskulokutaneus terhadap Arteri Aksilaris di Aksila Menggunakan Pencitraan Ultrasonografi

Abstract

Blokade aksiler merupakan pilihan anestesi untuk operasi lengan bawah dan tangan dengan angka keberhasilan beragam berkaitan dengan variasi letak target saraf yang dibuktikan pada penelitian di luar negeri menggunakan pencitraan ultrasonografi (USG). Sampai sekarang tidak ada publikasi penilaian variasi letak saraf-saraf tersebut di Indonesia. Penelitian deskriptif observasional-cross sectional dilakukan pada 75 relawan di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada November–Desember 2014 untuk mengkaji letak saraf radialis, ulnaris, medianus, dan muskulokutaneus terhadap arteri aksilaris di aksila menggunakan pencitraan USG. Letak saraf pada kedua aksila dicatat menggunakan acuan lingkaran 12 sektor berpusat pada arteri aksilaris. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Sapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney dan Wilcoxon, serta diolah dengan SPSS versi 21.0. Analisis 150 hasil pencitraan USG menunjukkan saraf medianus berada di superior, yaitu sektor 12 (75%), 11 (23%), dan 1 (2%). Saraf ulnaris di medial, yaitu sektor 9 (67%), 8 (31%), dan 10 (2%). Saraf radialis di inferomedial, yaitu sektor 7 (78%), 8 (16%), dan 6 (6%). Saraf muskulokutaneus di lateral, yaitu sektor 4 (89%), 5 (8%), dan 3 (3%). Simpulan penelitian adalah letak saraf radialis, ulnaris, medianus, dan muskulokutaneus bervariasi. Variasi letak saraf radialis, ulnaris, dan medianus ditemukan pada lebih dari seperempat subjek, sedangkan hanya sepersepuluh subjek memiliki variasi letak saraf muskulokutaneus.

Kata kunci: Arteri aksilaris, letak saraf, medianus, muskulokutaneus, radialis, ulnaris, ultrasonografi

Ultrasonographic Assessment of Radial, Ulnar, Median and Musculocutaneous Nerves Location to the Axillary Arteryat the Axilla

Axillary block is one of anesthesia technics for arm and hand surgery with varied success rates due to location variations of the targeted nerves. This has been proven by many prior studies under surface ultrasonography (USG) in many countries. Until currently, no similar study has been conducted in Indonesia. This descriptive observational–cross sectional study was performed on 75 volunteers in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in November–December 2014 to describe the locations of radial, ulnar, median, and musculocutaneous nerves to the axillary artery using USG. The locations of those nerves at the axilla were converted into a 12-section pie-chart with the axillary artery as the axis. Data were analyzed using Sapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests and processed using SPPS 21.0 version. Assessment of 150 USG scans revealed that the median nerves are located superior to the axillary artery, i.e. in sector 12 (75%), 11 (23%), and 1 (2%). Ulnar nerves are located in the medial, i.e. in sector 9 (67%), 8 (31%), and 10 (2%). Radial nerves are located in the infero-medial, i.e. in sector 7 (78%), 8 (16%), and 6 (6%). Musculocutaneous nerves are located in the lateral, i.e. in sector 4 (89%), 5 (8%), and 3 (3%). It is concluded from this study that varied locations of radial, ulnar, median nerves are found in a quarterof subjects whereas only one tenth of the subjects have varied muculocutaneous nerves locations.

Key words: Axillary artery,median, musculocutaneous, nerve location, radial, ulnar, ultrasonography

DOI: 10.15851/jap.v4n2.824