Perbandingan Kombinasi Parasetamol dan Deksametason dengan Deksametason Praoperasi untuk Mengurangi Angka Kejadian Nyeri Tenggorok Pascaanestesi Umum

Jansen Laory, Rudi Kurniadi Kadarsah, Indriasari Indriasari

Abstract


Postoperative sore throat (POST) setelah anestesi umum dengan pemasangan pipa endotrakea merupakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi dan tidak diinginkan. Angka kejadian nyeri tenggorok pascaoperasi setelah pemasangan pipa endotrakea adalah 6–76%. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efek kombinasi parasetamol dan deksametason dengan deksametason tunggal untuk mengurangi angka kejadian POST pada pasien setelah anestesi umum. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental dengan melakukan uji klinis rancangan acak lengkap terkontrol buta ganda. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin bulan Januari–April 2021. Total 92 pasien yang dijadwalkan operasi elektif dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok deksametason dan parasetamol (n=46) diberikan deksametason 10 mg dan parasetamol 1.000 mg intravena. Kelompok deksametason (n=46) diberikan deksametason 10 mg intravena dan plasebo. Pada penelitian ini, derajat POST dipantau. Angka kejadian POST didapatkan lebih rendah pada kelompok kombinasi deksametason dan parasetamol dibanding dengan kelompok deksametason dan plasebo pada jam ke-0, 1, dan 6 (p=0,0001, p=0,001, dan p=0,0001). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah kombinasi deksametason parasetamol lebih baik dibanding dengan deksametason tunggal dalam menurunkan angka kejadian POST anestesi umum.


Comparison of Combined Paracetamol and Dexamethasone with Preoperative Dexamethasone for Reducing Sore Throat Post General Anesthesia


Postoperative sore throat (POST) following general anesthesia with endotracheal tube insertion is a common and undesirable complication. The incidence of postoperative sore throat after insertion of an endotracheal tube is  6–76%. This study aimed to compare the effect of combined paracetamol and dexamethasone with single-dose dexamethasone to reduce POST incidence in patients after general anesthesia. This experimental study conducted a double-blind, complete randomized controlled clinical trial at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung during  January–April 2021 Ninety-two patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. The dexamethasone and aracetamol group (n=46) were given dexamethasone 10 mg and paracetamol 1000 mg intravenously. Dexamethasone group (n=46) was given dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously and placebo. In this study, the degree of POST was monitored. Results showed that the incidence of POST was lower in the dexamethasone and paracetamol combination group than in the dexamethasone and placebo group at 0, 1, and 6 hours (p=0.0001, p=0.001, and p=0.0001). This study concludes that the combination of dexamethasone paracetamol is better than single-dose dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of POST general anesthesia.


Keywords


Anestesi umum, parasetamol, postoperative sore throat

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15851/jap.v9n3.2549

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