Under-Two Children Hunger Levels in Indonesia

Rita Diana, Yuliana Livi Andam Putri

Abstract


Objective: To analyze the hunger level of toddlers under 2 years old using the Under-two Children Hunger Index (CHI).

Methods: This study used secondary data from the Indonesian Basic Health Survey 2018. This study focused on the development of measurement for under-two children hunger index (CHI) using six indicators of the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women; the prevalence of risk height of pregnant women; the prevalence of under-two children who never being breastfeed; the prevalence of malnutrition for under-two children; the prevalence of wasting for under-two children; and the prevalence of stunting for under-two children. These six indicators were weighted differently and were calculated using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method.

Results: The calculation of CHI using loading factors as weighted indicators has a higher precision with the percentage of 94.12 percent. With a 2018 CHI score of 46.40, Indonesia is at a serious CHI level. From the 34 provinces in Indonesia, 47.06% of provinces are at an extremely alarming level, 8.82% are at an alarming level, 17.65% are at a serious level, 17.65% are at a moderate level, and 8.82% are at a low level. Efforts can be performed by the government to increase the CHI based on the 6 indicators mentioned above.

Conclusion: Based on this analysis, 25 provinces need attention in terms of the CHI level with six, three, and sixteen provinces suffered from a serious, alarming, and extremely alarming levels of CHI, respectively. Nevertheless, CHI is dynamic and should be updated annually to assess the province’s achievement in eradicating hunger. This time-series data is very important to evaluate government programs and programs to accelerate the eradication of under-two children's hunger should focus on the six indicators in this study.

 


Keywords


Stunting; under-two children hunger index; wasting.

Full Text:

PDF

References


  1. IFPRI, Welthungerhilfe & Concern Worldwide. Global Hunger index: the inequalities of hunger; 2017.
  2. Aiga H. Hunger measurement complexity: is the global hunger index reliable?. Public Health. 2015;129(9):1288–90.
  3. Ibok OW, Osbahr H, Srinivasan C. Advancing a new index for measuring household vulnerability to food insecurity. Food Policy. 2019;84:10–20.
  4. te Lintelo DJH, Haddad LJ, Leavy J, Lakshman R. Measuring the commitment to reduce hunger: A hunger reduction commitment index. Food Policy. 2014;44:115–28.
  5. Jones SJ, Draper CL, Bell BA, Whitt O, Casey C, Draper C, et al. Child hunger from a family resilience perspective. J Hunger Environmental Nutr. 2018;13(3):340–61.
  6. Kemenkes RI. Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS). Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2018. Avalaible from: http://repository.bkpk.kemkes.go.id/3514/1/Laporan%20Riskesdas%202018%20Nasional.pdf.
  7. Prasetyawati AE. Kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA) dalam millenium development goals (MDGs). Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika; 2012.
  8. Soetjiningsih GRIN, editor. Tumbuh kembang anak. Jakarta: EGC; 2013.
  9. Wood CT, Witt WP, Skinner AC, Yin HS, Rothman RL, Sanders LM, et al. Effects of breastfeeding, formula feeding, and complementary feeding on rapid weight gain in the first year of life. Acad Pediatr. 2021;21(2):288–96.
  10. Balk D, Storeygard A, Levy M, Gaskell J, Sharma M, Flor R. Child hunger in the developing world: An analysis of environmental and social correlates. Food Policy. 2005;30(5-6):584–611.
  11. Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2020.
  12. Kemenkes RI. Kesehatan keluarga. In: Hardhana B , Sibuea F, W Winne, editors. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2020. p. 97–150.
  13. Korkmaz S, Goksuluk D, Zararsiz G. MVN: An R Package for Assessing Multivariate Normality. The R Journal. 2014;6(2):151.
  14. Goodridge P. Methods explained: Index numbers. Economic Labour Market Rev. 2007;1(3):54–7.
  15. Permatasari A, Notodiputro KA, Sadik K. Mengukur indeks kebahagiaan mahasiswa IPB menggunakan analisis faktor. Xplore: J Statistics. 2018;2(1):1–8.
  16. Aubert AM, Chen LW, Shivappa N, Cooper C, Crozier SR, Duijts L, et al. Predictors of maternal dietary quality and dietary inflammation during pregnancy: an individual participant data meta-analysis of seven European cohorts from the ALPHABET consortium. Clin Nutr. 2022;41(9):1991–2002.
  17. Wang T, Li L, Wu C, Cao R, Li Q, Yu L, et al. Body mass index and gestational weight gain are associated with maternal and neonatal outcomes based on Chinese Women. J Diabetes Res. 2021;2021:4542367.
  18. Hautier S, Capmas P, Houllier M. Evaluation of the impact of body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 in early pregnancy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2022;51(8):102438.
  19. Alfarisi R, Nurmalasari Y, Nabilla S. Status gizi ibu hamil dapat menyebabkan kejadian stunting pada balita. Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati. 2019;5(3):271–8.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15850/ijihs.v10n2.2434

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 389 times
PDF - 195 times


 

This Journal indexed by

                   

 


Creative Commons License
IJIHS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License



View My Stats