Combined Permethrin and Salt Water Immersion Effects on Eosinophils, Immunoglobulin E, Histamine, and C3 Complement in Scabies Patients

Reqgi First Trasia, Endang Purwaningsih, Tjandra Yoga Aditama, Sri Wahyu Herlinawati

Abstract


Background: Scabies reduces quality of life due to intense nocturnal pruritus. Pruritus is associated with hypereosinophilia, increased immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine release, and complement C3 activation. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of combined permethrin and salt-water immersion therapy in reducing eosinophil counts, IgE, histamine, and complement C3 levels in patients with scabies.

Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group study was conducted among 92 students with scabies at an Islamic boarding school in Banten Province, Indonesia, from December 2024 to December 2025. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received combined permethrin and warm salt-water immersion therapy, while the control group received permethrin alone. Eosinophil count, IgE, histamine, and complement C3 levels were measured before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests.

Results: Significant reductions were observed in the intervention group after therapy in eosinophils (t=65.0; p<0.001), IgE (t=152.9; p<0.001), histamine (t=152.1; p<0.001), and complement C3 (t=152.4; p<0.001). Post-treatment comparisons showed significant differences between groups for eosinophils (t=2.07; p<0.05), IgE (t=2.66; p<0.05), histamine (t=2.09; p<0.05), and complement C3 (t=4.25; p<0.001).

Conclusions: Combined permethrin and warm salt-water immersion therapy significantly reduced inflammatory and immunological markers in patients with scabies and may help alleviate nocturnal pruritus.


Keywords


Complement C3, eosinophils, histamine, immunoglobulin E, scabies

Full Text:

PDF

References


  1. Gupta S, Thornley S, Morris A, Sundborn G, Grant C. Prevalence and determinants of scabies: A global systematic review and meta‐analysis. Trop Med Int Health. 2024;29(12):1006–17. doi:10.1111/tmi.14058
  2. Tsoi SK, Lake SJ, Thean LJ. Estimation of scabies prevalence using simplified criteria and mapping procedures in three Pacific and southeast Asian countries. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):2060. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12039-2
  3. Purbowati R, Diana Tri Ratnasari, Kartika Ishartadiati, Masfufatun. Penyuluhan dan Pengobatan Infeksi Scabies Menuju Indonesia Bebas Skabies 2030 di Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas II B Bangil Provinsi Jawa Timur. J Pengabdi Masy JUDIMAS. 2023;2(1):181–8. doi:10.54832/judimas.v2i1.244
  4. World Health Organization. Report of the First WHO Global Meeting on Skin-Related Neglected Tropical Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland, 27–31 March 2023. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024
  5. Trasia RF, Sari IP. Respon imun hospes terhadap Sarcoptes scabiei. J Biomedika Kesehat. 2020;3(4):183–92. doi:10.18051/JBiomedKes.2020.v3.183-192
  6. Fakoorziba MR, Amin M, Moemenbellah-Fard MD, Najafi ME. The frequency rate of scabies and its associated demographic factors in Kazerun, Fars Province, Iran. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;14(8):90–91.
  7. Sungkar S. Skabies: Etiologi, Patogenesis, Pengobatan, Pemberantasan dan Pencegahan. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FKUI; 2016.
  8. Yovalwan T, Asmawati, Annuril KF. Warm salt water immersion therapy can reduce scabies pruritus. Jurnal Keperawatan Terpadu. 2023;4(2):100–9.
  9. Febtriana R, Arfina A, Kharisna D, Yunita A, Seyra C, Lestari D, et al. Implementasi hidroterapi rendam air garam untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan pada penderita scabies di Panti Asuhan Miftahul Jannah. J Pengabdi Masy Multidisiplin. 2023;6(3):315–322.
  10. Khotimah. Rendam air garam sebagai media mempercepat penyembuhan lesi scabies. Jurnal Keperawatan. 2017;6(2):54–60.
  11. Angkasa M, Ta’adi, Hartono M. Pengaruh rendam air garam terhadap proses penyembuhan ulkus diabetikum. J Keperawatan. 2018;4(2):45–55.
  12. Patriyuni T, Nasution SW, Chiuman L. Peripheral blood smear eosinophil differential count comparison in patients with scabies and after one week recovered from scabies. Averrous: Jurnal kedokteran dan kesehatan Malikussaleh. 2023;9(20):1–7.
  13. Habsari JT, Aryati, Pawarti DR. Diagnostic value comparison of specific IgE house dust mite, ELISA and Immunoblot Methods in Allergic Rhinitis. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory. 2018;22(1):119–26.
  14. Simonka-luM, Conka-la V, Pop Il. Effect of the microclimate of salt mines on T and B lymphocytes function in bronchial asthma patients. Vrach delo. 2018;3(1):57–9.
  15. Chervinskaya AV, Konovalov SI. Inhalation Salt Therapy. St Petersburg: SLP; 2018. p. 205.
  16. Chalamalasetti SD, Momin T, Koutras N, Cazzaniga J, Patel P. Isolated Pediculosis Presenting With Hypereosinophilia and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus. 2024;10(16): e52042. doi: 10.7759/cureus.52042.
  17. Kim CG. Bathing effects of various seawaters on allergic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in hairless mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:179185. doi:10.1155/2015/179185
  18. Kim. Prevalence of chronic pruritus: Result of a cross-sectional study in a sample working population. Journal of cosmetics, dermatological science and application, 2021;1(2):71–8.
  19. Endre L. Theoretical basis and clinical benefits of dry salt therapy. Orv hetil. Hunagrian. 2019;156(41):1643–52.
  20. Bhat SA, Mounsey KE, Liu X, Walton SF. Host immune responses to the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, in humans. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):385. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2320-4
  21. Wheat CM, Burkhart CN, Cohen BA. Scabies, other mites, and pediculosis. In: Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, et al., editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019. p. 3274–3287.
  22. Chervinskaya AV. Prospects of halotherapy in sanatorium and SPA dermatology ans cosmetology. Kurortney vedomosty; 2018;3(36):74–5.
  23. Oleksa P, Wiesyk P, Spozowski K, Wojcik P. Effectiveness of salt therapy – current knowledge status. J Educ Health Sport. 2023;13(1):51–5.
  24. Manoharan P, Kaliaperumal K. Salt and skin. International journal of dermatology. 2022;61(3):291-8. doi:10.1111/ijd.15588
  25. Lazarescu H, Simionca I, Hoteteu M, Mirescu L. Spleotherapy–modern biomedical perspectives. J Med Life; 2019;7(2):76–9.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v13n2.4698

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 13 times
PDF - 7 times


 This Journal indexed by

                  

           

 

Creative Commons License
AMJ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

 


View My Stats