Perbandingan Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Derajat Dua antara Rebusan Daun Sirih dan Moist Exposed Burn Ointment

Abstract

Penggunaan obat topikal merupakan salah satu faktor utama dalam terapi luka bakar. Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) menjadi standar pengobatan luka bakar di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, tidak setiap tempat di Indonesia dapat mempergunakannya. Daun sirih sudah menjadi obat tradisional untuk pengobatan luka, termasuk luka bakar. Penelitian eksperimental membandingkan penggunaan rebusan daun sirih, MEBO, dan NaCl fisiologis (kontrol) dalam penatalaksanaan luka bakar derajat dua. Masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 10 ekor tikus (Wistar sp.). Penelitian dilakukan selama 14 hari (25 Agustus–8 September 2009) di laboratorium hewan Departemen Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran. Variabel yang diukur berupa diameter luka, timbulnya pus, cairan serosa, dan eritema pada hari ke-4, 7, dan 14. Pemeriksaan histopatologik dilakukan pada hari ke-14 untuk melihat jumlah fibroblas, kolagen, dan epitel. Berdasarkan variabel diameter (kelompok daun sirih 17,4 mm) lebih kecil bermakna (p<0,001) daripada kelompok lainnya. Timbulnya pus kelompok kontrol bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya (p=0,043). Pemeriksaan patologi anatomi memperlihatkan kelompok kontrol dalam fase inflamasi, kelompok rebusan daun sirih dalam fase proliferasi, dan kelompok MEBO dalam fase remodeling (skor epitelisasi kelompok MEBO 1,9) berbeda bermakna (p<0,001). Simpulan, penggunaan rebusan daun sirih pada luka bakar derajat dua memberikan proses penyembuhan luka yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan NaCl fisiologis, tetapi tidak sebaik penggunaan MEBO. [MKB. 2012;44(2):63–9].

Kata kunci: Luka bakar, moist exposed burn ointment, sirih

The Comparison of Second Degree Burn Injury Wound Healing between Boiled Piper Betle Leaves and Moist Exposed Burn Ointment

The use of topical agent is one of the main strategies in management of burn injury. At Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) is the first line topical agent for treating burn injury, not all places in Indonesia able to use it. Piper betle is one of the traditional agent to treat wound including that caused burn injury. Our experimental study was to compare the second grade burn injury healing process by using Wistar sp. for boiled piper betle leaves, MEBO and as control physiologic sodium chloride for fourteen days (August 25th–September 8th 2009) at Animal Pharmacology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Padjadjaran University. The variables which measured were diameter of injury, pus development, evidence of serous and erythematous skin, at 4th, 7th and 14th day of studied. Histopathologic examination was conducted at day 14 to determine the amount of fibroblast, collagen and epithelial. The results according to the measurement of diameter (piper betle leaves group 17.4 mm) was smaller than other groups (p<0.001). In pus development control group was higher than other groups (p=0.043). In pathological findings, the control group was at inflammation phase, while in boiled piper betle leaves group was at proliferation phase and in MEBO group at remodeling phase (with epithel score 1.9 which higher than other groups (p<0.001)). In conclusions, application of boiled piper betle leaves in treating second degree burn injury gives a better result than physiologic sodium chloride, although MEBO is better for second degree burn injury healing process. [MKB. 2012;44(2):63–9].

Key words: Moist exposed burn ointment, piper betle, second degree burn injury

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v44n2.81