Analisis Tipe Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Isolat Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Abstract

Resistensi methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) terhadap berbagai antimikrob terutama didasari adanya insersi mobile genetic elements yang disebut Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) pada kromosom Staphylococcus aureus. SCCmec tersusun atas gen rekombinase (ccr), gen kompleks mec, gen resisten tambahan, dan insertion sequences. Struktur gen rekombinase memungkinkan SCCmec dapat berpindah dari satu bakteri ke bakteri lainnya. Identifikasi dan analisis SCCmec sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui dasar genetik resistensi dan memperkirakan penyebaran bakteri ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tipe SCCmec dan hubungannya dengan pola kepekaan MRSA terhadap berbagai antimikrob. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan molekuler berupa typing SCCmec dan uji kepekaan terhadap antimikrob, periode Juli–Desember 2007. Pembiakan dan identifikasi 45 isolat MRSA dilakukan di Departemen Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Unpad, sedangkan penentuan gen mecA dan PCR multipleks SCCmec dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang. Seluruh 45 isolat MRSA yang diteliti, dipastikan memiliki gen mecA. Analisis PCR multipleks menunjukkan 40 isolat memiliki SCCmec tipe III dan 5 isolat memiliki tipe IV. Semua isolat dengan SCCmec tipe III bersifat multiresisten, sedangkan tipe IV tidak bersifat multiresisten. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa MRSA dengan genotip SCCmec tipe III berhubungan, sedangkan tipe IV tidak berhubungan dengan sifat multiresisten. [MKB. 2010;42(4):149–54].

Kata kunci: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) , pola kepekaan, tipe SCCmec

Staphylococcal Casette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Type Analysis of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates

Resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were based mainly on insertion of mobile genetic elements namely Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) in the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus. SCCmec consists of recombinase genes (ccr), mec genes complex, additional resistance genes, and insertion sequences. Recombinase genes structure mediates transfer of SCCmec from one bacteria to another. Identification of SCCmec is very important to know basic genetic resistance and to predict spreading of MRSA. The aim of this research was to analyze SCCmec type and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The design of this study was observational analytic study by typing SCCmec and antimicrobial susceptibility testing on July– December 2007. Isolation and identification of 45 MRSA isolates was performed in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, whereas identification of mecA gene and typing of SCCmec by multiplex PCR was performed in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang. The result showed that all isolates contained mecA gene. Multiplex PCR revealed that 40 MRSA isolates had SCCmec type III and 5 isolates with type IV. All SCCmec type III isolates were multiresistant and all of the type IV were not multiresistant. In conclusion, MRSA isolates with SCCmec type III was associated with multiresistant whereas type IV was not. [MKB. 2010;42(4):149–54].

Key words: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), susceptibility patterns, type of SCCmec

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n4.28