Efektivitas Latihan Incentive Spirometry dengan Latihan Pernapasan Diafragma terhadap Fungsi Paru, Kapasitas Fungsional, dan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Asma Bronkial Alergi

Abstract

Prevalensi eksaserbasi asma alergi semakin mengalami peningkatan. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk dapat menurunkannya, antara lain dengan latihan pernapasan diafragma dan incentive spirometry, namun, perbandingan efektivitas kedua latihan masih belum jelas. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas kedua latihan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin dan Rumah Sakit Paru Dr. H. A. Rotinsulu Bandung (September−Desember 2012). Sejumlah 20 orang perempuan, berusia 26−40 tahun, penderita asma bronkial alergi terkontrol sebagian yang mengikuti penelitian, dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok. Tiap kelompok diberi latihan incentive spirometry dan pernapasan diafragma selama 8 minggu. Sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan, dilakukan pengukuran fungsi paru dengan forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), kapasitas fungsional dengan jarak tempuh (uji jalan 6 menit), dan kualitas hidup dengan St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Karakteristik penderita menunjukkan distribusi normal dan homogen. Uji-t independen menunjukkan bahwa latihan incentive spirometry lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pernapasan diafragma dalam meningkatkan FEV1 (6,19±2,63 vs 0,40±0,33 % prediksi), jarak tempuh (229,07±21,84 vs 140,69±16,91 m) dan memperbaiki SGRQ (nilai total 1.036,51±341,14 vs 360,09±182,10). Simpulan, latihan incentive spirometry lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan fungsi paru, kapasitas fungsional, dan kualitas hidup dibandingkan dengan pernapasan diafragma pada penderita asma bronkial alergi. [MKB. 2014;46(1):39–47]

Kata kunci: FEV1, Incentive spirometry, jarak tempuh, latihan pernapasan diafragma, SGRQ

Effectiveness of Incentive Spirometry and Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise in Lung Function, Functional Capacity and Quality of Life
of Bronchial Asthma Allergic Patients

Exacerbation of allergic asthma prevalence is increasing. Various attempts were made to lower it with diaphragm breathing and incentive spirometry exercise. However, comparison of the effectiveness of both exercises are unclear. This study aims to compare those effects. Research conducted in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Dr. H. A. Rotinsulu Pulmonary Hospital (September–December 2012). Twenty female, aged 26−40 years, partially controlled bronchial asthma allergic patients who consented for this study were divided into 2 groups. Each group was given incentive spirometry and diaphragm breathing exercise for 8 weeks. Before and after treatment lung function with forced expiratory volume in 1 second - FEV1, functional capacity with walking distance (6 minute walking test) and quality of life (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire-SGRQ) were assessed. The characteristics of the subjects were normally distributed and homogeneous. Independent T test results showed incentive spirometry compared to diaphragm breathing exercise was more effective in improving FEV1 (6.19±2.63 vs 0.40±0.33% predicted), walking distance (229.07±21.84 vs 140.69±16.91 m), and SGRQ (total value 1,036.51±341.14 vs 360.09 ±182.10). In conclusion, incentive spirometry is more effective in improving lung function, functional capacity, and quality of life compared to diaphragm breathing exercises in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. [MKB. 2014;46(1):39–47]

Key words: Diaphragm breathing exercise, FEV1, incentive spirometry, SGRQ, walking distance

DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n1.226