Radiasi Eksternal Karsinoma Nasofaring sebagai Penyebab Gangguan Dengar Sensorineural

Abstract

Radiasi berperan penting pada pengobatan kanker kepala leher karena reseksi bedah sering tidak memungkinkan, tetapi menimbulkan efek samping gangguan dengar sensorineural. Penelitian observasional rancangan longitudinal ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh radiasi terhadap gangguan dengar sensorineural penderita karsinoma nasofaring di Bagian THT-KL Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Februari–Agustus 2006. Didapatkan 28 laki-laki dan 7 perempuan, yang satu atau kedua telinganya tidak terganggu pendengaran sensorineural, usia 12–72 tahun, dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Seluruh penderita mendapat radiasi dan pemeriksaan audiometri serta timpanometri sebelum, durante 2.000 cGy, 6.600 cGy, dan satu bulan pascaradiasi. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Chi-kuadrat, Mc-Nemar, dan eksak Fisher. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian gangguan dengar sensorineural durante 2.000 cGy adalah 7 kasus (10%), 6.600 cGy 22 kasus (31,4%), dan pascaradiasi 24 kasus (34,3%). Hubungan antara durante 6.600 cGy dan 2.000 cGy pada kelompok preradiasi normal sangat bermakna (p=0,001), sedangkan antara pascaradiasi dan durante 6.600 cGy tidak bermakna (p= 0,5). Pada usia >30 tahun gangguan dengar sensorineural 37,0% durante 6.600 cGy (p=0,031) dan 40,7% pascaradiasi (p=0,018). Simpulan, radiasi karsinoma nasofaring dapat menyebabkan gangguan dengar sensorineural selama dan pascaradiasi, serta usia >30 tahun merupakan faktor prognosis gangguan dengar sensorineural. [MKB. 2010;42(3):108-14].

Kata kunci: Gangguan dengar sensorineural, karsinoma nasofaring, radiasi

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma External Radiation As Causal of Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Radiation has an important role on nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy because surgery is often difficult, however it cause sensorineural hearing loss as side effect. Longitudinal observational study was conducted to know the effect of radiation on sensorineural hearing loss of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, February-August 2006. Twenty eight male and 7 female, with no sensorineural hearing loss in one or both ears, age 12–72 years, and met inclusion criteria, were included in this study. All patients received >radiation and underwent audiometry and tympanometry prior-,during-radiation with a 2.000 cGy and 6,600 cGy, and one month postradiation. Data was analyzed using Chi-square, Mc-Nemar, and exact Fisher test. The results showed that incidence of sensorineural hearing loss were 7 cases (10%) on 2,000 cGy, 22 cases (31.4%) on 6,600 cGy, and 24 cases (34.3%) on postradiation. The relationship between duration 6,600 cGy and 2,000 cGy in the normal preradiation group were significant (p= 0.001), whereas postradiation and duration with 6,600 cGy was not significant (p= 0.5). Sensorineural hearing loss on >30 years was 37.0% on duration 6,600 cGy (p=0.031) and 40.7% postradiation (p=0.018). In conclusion, radiation on nasopharyngeal carcinoma can induce sensorineural hearing loss during- or postradiation and age >30 years is prognostic factor for sensorineural hearing loss. [MKB. 2010;42(3):108-14].

Key words: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, radiation, sensorineural hearing loss