Physical Factors in Age-Related Physical Performance Decline in Older Adults at Lembaga Lansia Indonesia, West Java Branch

Vitriana Vitriana, Irma Ruslina Defi

Abstract


The aging process is associated with increased body fat and decreased muscle mass and strength in older adults. This condition is frequently associated with loss of mobility and functions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical performance and handgrip strength, body composition, and anthropometry in community-dwelling older adults living in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2015 to June 2016 on community-dwelling older adults above 60 years old who were the members of the West Java Branch of Lembaga Lansia Indonesia, Indonesia, with the ability to walk without an assistive device and to perform hand grip properly as an additional inclusion criterion. Subjects were excluded if they experienced severe cardiorespiratory or vascular abnormalities, used artificial implants, underwent hormone therapy, and had any disease that would affect the accuracy of the variable measurement. A total of 106 subjects (60-85 years old) participated in this study. A significant negative correlation between total body fat and physical performance and a positive correlation between handgrip strength to physical performance were observed among subjects. However, no correlation was found between the anthropometric measurement and physical performance. The total body fat percentage, muscle mass index, and handgrip strength correlate significantly to the physical performance in older adults and may be used as a good indicator to preserve physical function and quality of life in the elderly.


Faktor-Faktor Fisik yang Memengaruhi Penurunan Performa Fisik Lanjut Usia di Lembaga Lansia Indonesia Cabang Jawa Barat

Proses penuaan sering dihubungkan dengan peningkatan lemak tubuh yang disertai dengan berkurangnya massa dan kekuatan otot pada lanjut usia. Kondisi ini sering berkaitan dengan hilangnya kemampuan mobilisasi dan fungsi lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat hubungan antara performa fisik dengan kekuatan genggam tangan, komposisi tubuh dan antropometri pada komunitas lanjut usia yang tinggal di Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan periode Desember 2015 sampai dengan Juni 2016 pada lanjut usia yang tinggal dalam komunitas dan merupakan anggota Lembaga Lansia Indonesia Cabang Jawa Barat, berusia lebih dari 60 tahun, serta mampu berjalan tanpa alat bantu dan dapat menggenggam tangan dengan baik. Partisipan dieksklusi bila menderita gangguan kardiorespirasi atau vaskuler yang berat, menggunakan implan artifisial, menjalani terapi hormonal dan mempunyai penyakit yang berpotensi mempengaruhi akurasi penilaian variabel. Dari total 106 partisipan dengan rentang usia 60–85 tahun, ditemukan korelasi negatif antara total lemak tubuh dengan performa fisik, dan korelasi positif antara kekuatan genggam tangan dengan performa fisik, akan tetapi tidak ditemukan hubungan antara komponen antropometri dengan performa fisik. Persentasi total lemak tubuh, indeks massa otot dan kekuatan tangan mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan performa fisik pada lanjut usia dan dapat menjadi indikator yang baik dalam mempertahankan fungsi fisik dan kualitas hidup pada lanjut usia.


Keywords


Anthropometry; Body Fat; Muscle Mass Index; Older Adults; Physical Performance

Full Text:

PDF

References


Graham JE, Fisher SR, Bergés I-M, Kuo Y-F, Ostir GV. Walking speed threshold for classifying walking independence in hospitalized older adults. Physical therapy. 2010;90(11):1591–7.

Quiben MU, Hazuda HP. Factors contributing to 50-ft walking speed and observed ethnic differences in older community-dwelling Mexican Americans and European Americans. Phys Ther. 2015;95(6):871–83.

Inoue W, Ikezoe T, Tsuboyama T, Sato I, Malinowska KB, Kawaguchi T, et al. Are there different factors affecting walking speed and gait cycle variability between men and women in community-dwelling older adults?.Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017;29(2):215–22.

Nobuyuki M, Motohiko M, Izumi T, Noriko S, Tomohiro H, Takeyuki N. Relationship between muscle strength and anthropometric, body composition parameters in Japanese adolescents. Health. 2012;4(1):1–5.

Harbuwono DS., Pramono LA, Yunir E, Subekti I. Obesity and central obesity in Indonesia: evidence from a national health survey. Med J Indones. 2018.27(2):114–20.

Shin H, Panton LB, Dutton GR, Ilich JZ. Relationship of physical performance with body composition and bone mineral density in individuals over 60 years of age: a systematic review. J Aging Res. 2011;2011:191896.

Busch TA, Duarte YA, Nunes DP, Lebrão ML, Naslavsky MS, Rodrigues AS, et al. Factors associated with lower gait speed among the elderly living in a developing country: a cross sectional population-based study. BMC Geriatrics. 2015;15:35.

Barbat-Artigas S, Carvalho LP, Rolland Y, Vellas B, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Muscle strength and body weight mediate the relationship between physical activity and usual gait speed. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(11):1031–6.

Kim S, Leng XI, Kritchevsky SB. Body composition and physical function in older adults with various comorbidities. Innov Aging. 2017;1(1):igx008.

JafariNasabian P, Inglis JE, Reilly W, Kelly OJ, Ilich JZ. Aging human body: changes in bone, muscle and body fat with consequent changes in nutrient intake. J Endocrinol. 2017;234(1):R37–51.

Pires A, Martins P, Pereira AM, Marinho J, Silva PV, Marques M, et al. Pro-inflammatory triggers in childhood obesity: correlation between leptin, adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in a group of obese Portuguese children. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia. 2014;33(11):691–7.

Nakamura T, Furuhashi M, Li P, Cao H, Tuncman G, Sonenberg N, et al. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase links pathogen sensing with stress and metabolic homeostasis. Cell. 2010;140(3):338–48.

Woods JA, Wilund KR, Martin SA, Kistler BM. Exercise, inflammation and aging. Aging and disease. 2012;3(1):130–40.

Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ, Kim Y, Spicer MT. Low-grade chronic inflammation perpetuated by modern diet as a promoter of obesity and osteoporosis. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2014;65(2):139–48.

Zoico E, Rossi A, Di Francesco V, Sepe A, Olioso D, Pizzini F, et al. Adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle of healthy elderly men: relationships with body composition, insulin resistance, and inflammation at the systemic and tissue level. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010;65(3):295–9.

Falsarella GR, Gasparotto LPR, Barcelos CC, Coimbra IB, Moretto MC, Pascoa MA, et al. Body composition as a frailty marker for the elderly community. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1661–6.

Shen S, Li J, Guo Q, Zhang W, Wang X, Fu L, et al. Body mass index is associated with physical performance in suburb-dwelling older Chinese: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0119914.

Kim K-E, Jang S-n, Lim S, Park YJ, Paik N-J, Kim KW, et al. Relationship between muscle mass and physical performance: is it the same in older adults with weak muscle strength?. . Age Ageing. 2012;41(6):799–803.

Pratama I, Setiati S, editors. Correlation between hand grip strength and functional mobility in elderly patients. Journal of Physics: Conference Series; 2018: IOP Publishing.

López-Teros T, Gutiérrez-Robledo L, Pérez-Zepeda M. Gait speed and handgrip strength as predictors of incident disability in Mexican older adults. J Frailty Aging. 2014;3(2):109–12.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v52n3.1992

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 640 times
PDF - 328 times

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


 


Creative Commons License
MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

 


View My Stats