Correlation between Personal Hygiene, Household Hygiene, and Atopic Dermatitis in Elementary School Children in Indonesia
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by persistent itching and reddening of the skin. In general, infants and children are more susceptible to atopic dermatitis. Many factors are associated with atopic dermatitis, one of which is personal hygiene. Personal hygiene is a condition or practice to maintain or improve personal health by keeping the body and the environment clean. Personal hygiene can influence the surrounding environment, such as by influencing the household hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between personal hygiene, household hygiene, and atopic dermatitis incidence among children who attended Pertiwi Elementary School Medan. This was a cross-sectional study with correlational analysis designed conducted at Pertiwi Elementary School Medan from July to December 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square test with p = 0.05 considered significant. Results showed that 28 children (39.4%) had atopic dermatitis, with more girls affected than boys (n=19, 67.9% vs. n=9, 32.1%). The overall household hygiene and cleanliness were good. There is a significant relationship between personal hygiene, household cleanliness, and the incidence of atopic dermatitis (p<0.05).
Hubungan Personal Hygiene, Rumah Tangga, dan Dermatitis Atopik
pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Indonesia
Dermatitis atopik merupakan suatu penyakit radang kulit kronis yang ditandai dengan munculnya rasa gatal secara terus-menerus dan timbul ruam kulit yang memerah. Pada umumnya bayi dan anak-anak yang lebih rentan terhadap dermatitis atopik. Faktor-faktor yang dikaitkan dengan dermatitis atopik ini salah satunya yaitu personal hygiene. Personal hygiene adalah kondisi atau praktik yang digunakan orang menjaga atau meningkatkan kesehatan dengan menjaga diri mereka dan lingkungan mereka bersih. Faktor ini dapat mempengaruhi berbagai cakupan yang lebih luas seperti dalam kehidupan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan personal hygiene dan tingkat kebersihan dalam rumah tangga dengan kejadian dermatitis atopik pada anak-anak di SD Swasta Pertiwi, Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan di SD Swasta Pertiwi Medan dari bulan Juli–Desember 2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan uji chi-square dengan p=0.05 dianggap bermakna. Pada penelitian didapatkan hasil sebanyak 28 orang menderita dermatitis atopik lebih banyak perempuan 19 orang (32,1%) dibanding dengan pria 9 orang (67,9%). Hasil penelitian bahwa personal hygiene dan kebersihan dalam rumah tangga secara keseluruhan dikategorikan baik. Terdapat hubungan antara personal hygiene dan kebersihan dalam rumah tangga dengan kejadian dermatitis atopik (p<0.05).
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v52n3.1971
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