Perbandingan Efek Musik Klasik Mozart dan Musik Tradisional Gamelan Jawa terhadap Pengurangan Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif pada Nulipara

Abstract

Rasa nyeri persalinan yang kadang luar biasa pada sebagian wanita muncul akibat refleks fisik dan respons psikis ibu. Musik terbukti dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi, mengurangi kecemasan, dan mengalihkan perhatian rasa nyeri yang dialami pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah musik klasik Mozart dan tradisional gamelan jawa dapat mengurangi nyeri persalinan, dan apakah musik klasik Mozart lebih baik daripada tradisional gamelan jawa terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif pada nulipara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan total 30 orang nulipara yang berada dalam kala I fase aktif persalinan. Penelitian dilakukan di RSIA Arvita Bunda Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta selama Desember 2010–Maret 2011. Subjek penelitian berada dalam 3 kelompok: Mozart (n=10), gamelan jawa (n=10), dan kontrol (n=10). Penilaian nyeri dilakukan dua kali pada masing-masing kelompok dengan numerical rating scale (NRS), yaitu saat ibu berada di awal fase aktif dan di akhir kala I persalinan. Uji analisis statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks (Z) dan Uji Mann Whitney. Hasil yang didapatkan antara lain, pada kelompok Mozart terdapat nilai median 7,5 (7–10) menjadi 6 (5–9), pada kelompok gamelan jawa median 7 (5–9) menjadi 7,5 (5–10), sementara pada kontrol median 7 (4–9) menjadi 9,5 (6–10). Terdapat perbedaan nyeri antara kelompok Mozart dan kontrol (p=0,001), terdapat perbedaan nyeri antara kelompok gamelan jawa dan kontrol (p=0,022), dan perbandingan antara musik klasik Mozart dan musik tradisional gamelan jawa (p=0,124). Kesimpulan penelitian ini, musik klasik Mozart dan tradisional gamelan jawa mengurangi nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif pada nulipara, serta tidak ada perbedaan antara keduanya. [MKB. 2013;45(4):218–25]

Kata kunci: Musik klasik Mozart, musik tradisional gamelan jawa, nyeri persalinan

Comparison of Classical Music Mozart Efect and Javanese Gamelan Music Efect to Relief Labor Pain in Stage I Active Phase for Nullipara

Labor pain that may sometimes extreme in some pregnant women arises because of the physical reflection and psychological response of the mother. Music is proven to increase concentration, create comfort, and distract the feeling of pain in patients. The aim of this study was to explore wether Mozart classical music and Javanese gamelan music can decrease the level of pain in the process of labor and whether Mozart is better than gamelan in reducing pain in nulipara during stage 1 active phase of labor. This study was conducted by using quasy experiment method with a total of 30 nullipara patients in stage 1 active phase in RSIA Arvita Bunda, Sleman Yogyakarta during the period of December 2010 to March 2011. The subjects were divided into three groups: Mozart (n=10), Javanese gamelan (n=10), and control (n=10). Pain assesment were conducted twice for each group using the numerical rating scale (NRS), which was performed during the beginning of stage I active phase of labor and the end of stage 1 active phase of labor. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks (Z) and Mann Whitney statistical tests. The results of this study showed a change in the median value from 7.5 with a range of 7–10 to median 6 (5–9) in Mozar group, from the median value of 7 (5–9) to 7.5 (5–10) in gamelan group and from median 7 (4–9) to 9.5 (6–10) in control group. There was a significant difference between Mozart and control groups (p=0.001), and between Javanese gamelan group and control group (p=0.022), and the comparison between Mozart classical music and Javanese gamelan music (p=0.124). It is concluded that Mozart classical music and Javanese gamelan relief pain in stage 1 active phase of nullipara and no differences are found between the two. [MKB. 2013;45(4):218–25]

Key words: Javanese gamelan music, labor pain, Mozart classical music

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n4.174