Cranial Characteristics, Maxillofacial, and Skull Base Structure of Non-Human Primate (Adult Macaca fascicularis): A Preliminary Study for Cranial Craniotomy Model
Abstract
The use of non-human primate (NHP) animal models, which anatomical and physiological similarities to human, is important for the sake of learning the anatomical properties. This study aimed to characterize the cranial, maxillofacial, and skull base structures of non-human primates as a potential model suitable for a cranial craniotomy model. Adult Macaca fascicularis (MF) skulls classified asspecificpathogen-free for TB, SIV, SV40, Polio, Foamy virus and Herpes B virus from PT Bio Farma (Persero) Animal Lab. Library were used to represent the anatomical model.The open access database from Mammalian Crania Photographic Archive 2nd Edition (MCPA2) was used for cranial characterization analysis. This study was performed at the Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and the Animal Laboratory of PT. Biofarma (Persero) from November 2018 to January 2019. The skull base structures were assessed for its analogies with its human counterpart. Comparison by t-student analysis between male and female skulls shows the mean male cranial length (CL) is greater than in female (116.68 vs 102.50 mm), with p=0.000; the mean male bizygomatic width (BZB) is greater than in female (79.30 vs 69.70 mm) with p=0.001; the mean male posterior cranial breadth (CBN) is greater than in female (63.40 vs 58.79 mm) with p=0.019; and the mean male cranial base length (CBL) is greater than in female (63.32 vs 57.55 mm), with p=0.001. The skull of MF is suitable for Neurosurgery and Neuroscience study since the MF cranial characterization and structure are similar to that of human. Its structure is ideal for performing craniotomy since it has several characteristics such as cranial vault, maxillofacial structure with huge temporal muscle, and skull base structure.
Karakteristik Kranium, Maksilofasial, dan Struktur Dasar Tengkorak Non-human Primate Macaca fascicularis dewasa: Studi Pendahuluan untuk Model Craiotomi Kranium
Penggunaan hewan model berasal dari primata bukan-manusia (NHP), dimana secara anatomis dan fisiologis mirip dengan manusia, sangat penting untuk dapat mempelajari struktur anatominya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk karakterisasi struktur kranium, maksilofasial dan dasar tengkorak primata (Non-human Primate) yang berpotensi sebagai model penelitian kraniotomi. Tengkorak dewasa Macaca fascicularis (MF) dari Laboratorium Hewan PT Biofarma (Persero), bebas infeksi TBC, SIV, SV40, Polio, Foamy Virus, dan Herpes B digunakan sebagai model anatomi. Basis data terbuka Mammalian Cranial Photographic Archive 2nd Edition (MCPA2) digunakan untuk analisis kranium. Penelitian dilakukan di Departmen Bedah Saraf RSHS dan Laboratorium Hewan PT. Biofarma pada November 2018–Januari 2019. Struktur tengkorak MF dipelajari analogi seperti pada struktur tengkorak manusia. Analisis uji-t tengkorak jantan dan betina menunjukan rerata panjang kranial (Cranial length, CL) jantan lebih panjang dibanding betina (116.68 vs 102.50 mm, p=0.000); rerata bizygomatic width (BZB) jantan lebih panjang dibanding betina (79.30 vs 69.70 mm, p=0.001); rerata posterior cranial breadth (CBN) jantan lebih panjang dibanding betina (63.40 vs 58.79 mm, p=0.019);dan rerata cranial base length (CBL) jantan lebih panjang dibanding betina (63.32 vs57.55 mm, p=0.001). Tengkorak MF sesuai untuk berbagai penelitian bidang bedah saraf dan neurosains. Karakterisasi kranial dan strukturnya sama dengan yang dimiliki manusia. Struktur kranium MF merupakan model ideal untuk kraniotomi berdasar karakteristik tulang tengkorak, otot temporal besar pada maksilofasial, dan struktur dasar tengkorak.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Moshe BM. Understanding animal research: primates in medical research. London: Understanding Animal Research; 2013. p. 9–11.
Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. [cited 2019 January 20]. Available from: https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/ text.php.
Fooden J. Comparative review of fascicularis-group species of macaques (primates: macaca) in Fieldiana Zoology, USA: Field Museum of Natural History; 2006. p. 7–11.
Karyani RA. Perkembangan sel-sel gonadotropin adenohipofise monyet ekor panjang (macaca fascicularis) pada periode pra- dan pascalahir. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2008.
Weatherall D. The use of non-human primates in research. UK: The Academy of Medical Sciences; 2006. p. 59–84.
van Minh N, Mouri T, Hamada Y. Aging-related changes in the skulls of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Anthropological Science. 2015;123(2):107–19.
Lalwani M, Yadav J, Arora A, Dubey BP. Sex Identification from cranial capacity of adult human skulls. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2012;34(2):128–31.
Schillaci MA. Latitudinal variation in cranial dimorphism in Macaca fascicularis. Am.J.Primatol. 2010;72152–60
Fitton LC, Shi JF, Fagan MJ, O’Higgins P. Masticatory loadings and cranial deformation in Macaca fascicularis: a finite analysis sensitivity study. J Anat. 221(1):55–68.
Curtis N, Witzel U, Fagan MJ. Development and three-dimensional morphologyof the Zygomaticotemporal suture in primate skulls. Folia Primatol (Basel). 2014;85(2):77–87.
Mouri T. Multivariate cranial ontogenic allometries in crab-eating rhesus and Japanese macaques. Anthropol Sci. 1996; 104(4):281–303.
Fleagle JG, Gilbert CC, Baden AL. Primate cranial diversity. American Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010;142(4):565–78.
Ito T, Nishimura T, Takai M. Allometry and interspecific differences in the facial cranium of two closely related macaque species. Anat Res Int. 2011;2011:849751.
Wang Q, Wood SA, Grosse IR, Ross CF, Zapata U, Byron CD, et al. The role of the sutures in biomechanical dynamic simulation of a macaque cranial finite element model: implications for the evolution of craniofacial form. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2012;295(2):278–88.
Ross CF, Berthaume MA, Dechow PC, Iriarte-Diaz J, Porro LB, Richmond BG, et al. In vivo bone strain and finite-element modelling of the craniofacial haft in catarrhine primates. J Anat. 2011;218(1):112–41.
Curtis N, Witzel U, Fitton L, O'higgins P, Fagan M. The mechanical significance of the temporal fasciae in Macaca fascicularis: an investigation using finite element analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2011;294(7):1178–90.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v51n2.1650
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 1139 timesPDF - 478 times
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
View My Stats