Antioxidant and Antityrosinase Activities of Ethanolic Pachyrhizuserosus Peel and Tuber Extract
Abstract
Aging process is a physiological process in living organisms caused by, among others, free radicals. One of the free-radical-related aging problems is skin hyperpigmentation (excessive melanin) due to increasing tyrosinase enzyme activities. Natural compounds are widely used as antioxidant and antiaging agents. Bengkuang (Pachyrhizuserosus) is known as a source of various active compounds which can be used against free radicals to reduce the risk of skin aging through tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. This study was performed in September 2018 in Aretha Medika Utama, Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Bandung, Indonesia to examine the antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of Pachyrhizuserosus peel extract (PPE) and Pachyrhizuserosus tuber extract (PTE).The extraction of PPE and PTE was performed using 70% ethanol by maceration method, followed by phytochemical analysis using modified Farnsworth method. Antioxidant activities were measured through 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activities while antiaging assay were conducted through the tyrosinase activity inhibition. In this study, PPE contained saponin, tannin, triterpenoid, and terpenoid while the PTE showed the presence of flavonoid, saponin, phenol, tannin, and alkaloid in phytochemical analysis. In the antioxidant assay, PPE presented a higher DPPH scavenging activities (IC50= 84.09 µg/mL) when compared to PTE (IC50= 98.30 µg/mL)(p<0.05). In antiaging assay, PPE showed a higher tyrosinase inhibitory activities when compared to PTE with =97.05µg/mL and 194.51µg/mL,respectively. It can be concluded that PPE has antioxidant and antiaging activities effective for preventing skin aging.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antitirosinase Ekstrak Etanol Kulit dan Daging Pachyrhizuserosus
Proses penuaan merupakan suatu proses fisiologis yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup yang dapat disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Hiperpigmentasi kuli tmerupakan salah satu masalah penuaan yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas melalui peningkatan aktivitas enzim tirosinase. Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa aktif yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas serta mengurangi risiko penuaan kulit. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada September 2018 di Aretha Medika Utama, Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Bandung, Indonesia untuk menguji kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan dan antitirosinase pada ekstrak etanol kulit bengkuang (EEKB) dan ekstrak etanol daging bengkuang (EEDB). Pembuatan ekstrak kulit dan daging bengkuang dilakukan dengan cara mengekstraksi bahan dengan etanol 70% menggunakan metode maserasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis fitokimia ekstrak dengan modifikasi metode Farnsworth. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan mengukur pemerangkapan 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) sedangkan antiaging diuji dengan mengukur aktivitas penghambatan tirosinase. Pada uji fitokimia menunjukkan EEKB memiliki kandungan senyawa saponin, tanin, triterpenoid dan terpenoid, sedangkan EEDB menunjukkan kandungan senyawa flavonoid, saponin, fenol, tanin, dan alkaloid. Pada uji antioksidan, EEKB memiliki aktivitas tertinggi pada pemerangkapan DPPH (IC50=84.09 µg/mL) dibanding dengan EEDB (IC50=98.30 µg/mL) (p≤0.05). Pada pengujian antiaging, EEKB memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi pada aktivitas penghambatan tirosinase dibandingkan dengan EEDB (IC50=97.05 µg/mL; 194.51 µg/mL (p≤0.05). Simpulan, EEKB memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antiaging sehingga efektif dalam mencegah penuaan kulit.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Zaidi KU, Ali AS, Ali SA, Naaz I. Microbial tyrosinases: promising enzymes for pharmaceutical, food bioprocessing, and environmental industry. Biochem Res Int. 2014;2014:1–16.
Setyawati A, Yamauchi K, Mitsunaga T. Potential of medicinal plants extractives as anti-melanogenesis ingredients. Rev Agric Sci. 2018;6(2018):46–60.
Wang K-H, Lin R-D, Hsu F-L, Huang YH, Chang HC, Huang CY, et al. Cosmetic applications of selected traditional chinese herbal medicines. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;106(3):353–9.
Altaei T. The treatment of malesma by silymarin cream. BMC Dermatol. 2012;12(1):1–6.
Unver N, Paul FP, Horster S, Wenck H, Stab F, Blatt T, et al. Alterations in the epidermal-dermal melanin axis and factor XIIIa melanophages in senile lentigo and ageing skin. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(1):119–28.
Noman ASM, Hoque MA, Haque MM, Pervin F, Karim MR. Nutritional and anti-nutritional components in Pachyrhizus erosus L. tuber. Food Chem. 2007;102(4):1112–8.
Pradeepika C, Selvakumar R, Krishnakumar T, Nabi SU, Sajeev MS. Pharmacology and phytochemistry of underexploited tuber crops: a review. J PharmacognPhytochem. 2018;7(5):1007–19.
Lukitaningsih E, Holzgrabe U. Bioactive compounds in bengkoang (Pachyrhizuserosus) as antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibiting agents. Indones J Pharm. 2014;25(2):68–75.
Widowati W, Janeva WB, Nadya S, Amalia A, Arumwardana S, Kusuma HSW, et al. 2018. Antioxidant and antiaging activities of Jasminum sambac extract and its compounds. J Rep Pharma Sci. 2018;7(3):270–85.
Tarigan JB.r, Zuhra CF, Sihotang DH. Skrining fitokimia tumbuhan yang digunakan oleh pedagang jamu gendong untuk merawat kulit wajah di kecamatan Medan Baru. J Biol Sumatera. 2008;3(1):1–6.
Sandler JA. The phytochemical extraction and analysis of new flavonoids and saponins from the genus Silphium [dissertation]. Austin: The University of Texas; 2005.
Cherian E, Sudheesh NP, Janardhanan KK, Patani G. Free radical scavenging and mitochondrial antioxidant activities of reishi-Ganoderma lucidum. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2011;20(2011):289–308.
Zhu W, Gao J. The use of botanical extracts as topical skin-lightening agents for the improvement of skin pigmentation disorders. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2008;13(1):20–24.
Chatatikun M, Chiabchalard A. Thai plants with high antioxidant levels, free radical scavenging activity, anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activity. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):487.
Molyneux P. The use of the stable free radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2004;26(2):211–9.
Rusmarilin H, Andayani RY. Soy-yamgurt probiotic drink as a natural potential of antioxidant. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2018;122(1):012087.
Lee AR, Lee SA, Ju HJ, Noh JS, Roh SS, Kim GN. Evaluation of nutri-cosmetical function of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) extracts in B16F10 cells. Korean Society Food Sci Nutr. 2016;2016:455.
Okawa M, Kinjo J, Nohara T, Ono M. DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of flavonoids obtained from some medicinal plants. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24(10):1202–5.
Pineros-Hernandez D, Medina-Jaramillo C, López-Córdoba A, Goyanes S. Edible cassava starch films carrying rosemary antioxidant extracts for potential use as active food packaging. Food Hydrocoll. 2017;63(2017):488–95.
Lukitaningsih E, Mustikawaty AA, Sulistyo B, Sudarmanto A. Homology modeling and molecular docking of active compounds from bengkoang (Pachyrrhizus erosus) as tyrosinase inhibitor in homo sapien. J Ilmu Farm Indones. 2013;12(1):132–7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v51n2.1628
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 21585 timesPDF - 1084 times
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
View My Stats