Pengaruh Radioterapi Eksternal Terhadap Fungsi Sel Rambut Luar Koklea Penderita Karsinoma Nasofaring
Shinta Nurmasari, Dindy Samiadi, Bambang Purwanto
Abstract
Pilihan utama pengobatan karsinoma nasofaring adalah radioterapi. Pemberian radioterapi dosis tinggi menimbulkan kerusakan struktur jaringan, salah satunya adalah gangguan pendengaran. Gangguan di koklea timbul akibat kerusakan struktur sel rambut akibat degenerasi stria vaskularis, atrofi spiral ligamen, dan membran basilaris. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui fungsi sel rambut luar koklea akibat radioterapi penderita karsinoma nasofaring. Tipe penelitian adalah studi analitik observasional dan dilakukan di Bagian IK.THT-KL/RS. Hasan Sadikin Bandung mulai Maret sampai September 2007. Dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri, timpanometri, dan emisi otoakustik (otoacoustic emission)/OAE sebelum radioterapi, serta pemeriksaan timpanometri serta OAE saat radioterapi dan satu bulan pascaradioterapi. Untuk menguji pengaruh radioterapi eksternal digunakan uji McNemar dan uji Z. Diperoleh 42 telinga dari 27 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Didapat 18 lakilaki dan 9 perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan insidens gangguan fungsi sel rambut luar koklea sebesar 9,6% pada dosis 2.000 cGy, 61,5% pada 4.000 cGy, 81,1% pada 6.600 cGy, dan 82,8% satu bulan pascaradiasi. Hubungan gangguan fungsi sel rambut luar koklea memberikan nilai sangat bermakna pada dosis 4.000 cGy sampai 6.600 cGy (p<0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian radioterapi eksternal penderita karsinoma nasofaring menyebabkan gangguan fungsi sel rambut luar koklea.
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