Akurasi Indeks Antropometri Obesitas dalam Mempediksi Kontrol Glicemic Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kota Pekanbaru

Arfianti Arfianti, Frilly Deyana, Dani Rosdiana, Nadiah Yamanza Ardini, Wahyuli Armi, Dewi Iramayana Sandra Kesumah

Abstract


Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah. Kontrol gula darah merupakan salah satu tujuan utama tata laksana pasien DM. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko utama dari DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan indeks antropometri dengan kontrol gula darah pada pasien DM tipe 2 yang dirawat jalan di puskesmas Kota Pekanbaru. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini meliputi 103 pasien DM tipe 2 yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Sidomulyo dan Simpang Tiga Kota Pekanbaru pada bulan Mei–Juni 2018.Subjek penelitian paling banyak perempuan (58,3%) dan berusia ≥45 tahun (96,1%). Tingkat pendidikanterbanyak adalah SMA (42,7%) dan 54,4% tidak bekerja. Riwayat diabetes ditemukan pada 68,9% subjek dan 85,4% subjek tidak memiliki riwayat merokok. Sebanyak 98,1% pasien diabetes mendapat obat hipoglikemik oral dan 84,5% pasien diabetes memiliki kadar gula darah tidak terkontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa obesitas berdasar atas IMT dan WC tidak berhubungan dengan kontrol gula darah. Sebaliknya, obesitas berdasarkan WHR (p=0,014) dan WHtR (p=0,015) memiliki hubungan dengan kontrol gula darah pada pasien DM. Namun WHR dan WHtR secara tunggal memiliki akurasi yang sangat lemah dalam memprediksi kontrol gula darah pada penderita DM tipe 2.

Accuracy of anthropometric Indexes of Obesity to Predict Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Primary Health Care in Pekanbaru

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Glycemic control is the main goal of DM patient management. Obesity is a major risk factor for DM. This study aimed to investigate the association between anthropometric indexes and glycemic control in DM patients visiting primary health care facilities in Pekanbaru. This was a cross-sectional analytical observational study on 103 type 2 DM patients from Sidomulyo and Simpang Tiga public health centers in Pekanbaru during the period of May-June 2018. More female subjects participated in this study (58.3%) with overall average age of ≥45 years (96.1%). The highest level of education of the subjects was senior high school (42.7%) and most subjects were unemployed (54.4%). The family history of DM was found in 68.9% subjects and majority had no smoking history (86.4%). As many as 98.1% DM patients were taking oral hypoglicemic drugs. Most of the DM patients had uncontrolled glycemic status (84.5%). This study showed that BMI-based and WC-based obesity was not associated with glycemic control in DM patients. On the other hand, the association between obesity based on WHR (P = 0.02; OR = 5.26) and WHtR (P = 0.008; OR = 6.82) and glycemic control in DM patients was statistically significant. However, WHR dan WHtR alone has no discrimination power to predict glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients.



Keywords


Diabetes Melitus tipe 2; indeks massa tubuh, waist circumference; waist-hip Ratio; waist to height ratio

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v50n3.1361

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