Gambaran Kontainer Potensial dan Kondisi Lingkungannya Sebagai Tempat Perindukan Nyamuk di Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor

Abstract

Nyamuk memiliki peran penting sebagai vektor penyakit menular seperti demam berdarah dengue, malaria, filariasis, demam kuning, dan chikungunya sehingga keberadaan nyamuk perlu dikontrol. Pengawasan tempat perindukan nyamuk akan membantu pihak berwenang untuk merancang pengendalian kepadatan nyamuk. Pertumbuhan larva nyamuk dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan seperti suhu air, kelembapan udara, dan pH air. Kondisi tersebut dapat bervariasi karena perbedaan geografis, variasi musiman, atau bahkan perubahan iklim.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kontainer potensial dan kondisi lingkungannya sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk di Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor. Penelitian deskriptif dilakukan dengan mengamati larva nyamuk dalam wadah air baik di dalam maupun di luar gedung fakultas. Kondisi lingkungan (pH, suhu dan kelembapan) diukur dan dicatat selama pengamatan untuk setiap kontainer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 582 kontainer yang diteliti terdapat 72 (12,4%) positif  larva nyamuk. Kontainer yang paling potensial di dalam bangunan adalah ember, sedangkan di luar bangunan adalah bambu Aedes sp. Mendominasi penemuan larva di lapangan. Suhu air rerata yang diperoleh adalah 24,3^oC, kelembapan 66,7% dan pH 8,1. Kondisi suhu dan pH sesuai dengan kondisi optimum perkembangan larva pada umumnya. Sementara tingkat kelembapan yang lebih rendah (kelembapan 81,6–89,5%) masih mampu membuat larva nyamuk tumbuh dengan baik di Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor.

Kata kunci: Kelembapan, larva nyamuk, pH, suhu air, Universitas Padjadjaran

Potential Container and Its Environmental Conditions for Mosquito Breeding Site in Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor

Playing pivotal role as vector of infectious disease such as dengue hemorrhagic fever, malaria, filariasis, yellow fever and chikungunya, mosquito needs to be controlled. Surveillance for mosquito breeding places will help the authorities in devising means in controlling mosquito density. The growth of mosquito larvae is influenced by environmental conditions such as water temperature, humidity, and pH. Those conditions may vary due to geographic differences, seasonal variations, or even climate change. The purpose of this study was to understand the potential container and its environmental conditions for larvae in Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor. A descriptive study was conducted by observing the presence of mosquito larvae in water containers both inside and outside of faculty buildings. Environmental conditions (pH, water temperature and humidity) were measured and recorded during observation for each water container.  Results showed that from 582 containers examined, 72 (12.4%) were positive for larvae. The most potential container in the building was bucket, while foroutside of the building, the most potential container was bamboo. Aedes sp. dominated larvae discovered in this study. The average water temperature obtained was 24.30C with 66% humidity, and pH 8.1. These temperature and pH values are the optimum condition for larvae development in general.  However, lower humidity level (humidity 81.6–89.5%) can still enable good growth of mosquito’s eggs in the campus area of Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor.

Key words: Humidity, mosquito larvae, pH, water temperature, Universitas Padjadjaran