Faktor yang Memengaruhi Perilaku Penggunaan Air Bersih pada Masyarakat Kumuh Perkotaan berdasar atas Integrated Behavior Model
Abstract
Kebutuhan air bersih semakin meningkat terutama di wilayah perkotaan. Kelurahan Tamansari merupakan wilayah kumuh yang berlokasi di tengah Kota Bandung, 60% penduduk menggunakan air bersih perpipaan sisanya menggunakan sumber air tanah, namun tidak semua sumber air dilindungi secara benar sehingga berpotensi terkontaminasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku penggunaan air bersih pada masyarakat kumuh perkotaan dengan mengaplikasikan teori Integrated Behavior Model. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 188 rumah tangga di 10 RW pada bantaran sungai Cikapundung di Kelurahan Tamansari. Survei dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan ceklist observasi pada sumber air perpipaan (PDAM), sumur terlindungi (ST), dan sumur tidak terlindungi (STT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sikap, norma yang dipersepsikan dan faktor personal memengaruhi niat untuk menggunakan air bersih pada ketiga jenis sumber air yang digunakan. Pada pengguna PDAM tidak ada faktor yang signifikan memengaruhi perilaku. Pada pengguna ST perilaku dipengaruhi oleh faktor kepentingan menggunakan air bersih. Pada pengguna STT faktor niat, hambatan lingkungan dan kebiasaan memengaruhi perilaku menggunakan air bersih. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku khususnya di wilayah kumuh perkotaan berbeda-beda berdasar atas sumber air bersih yang digunakan sehingga upaya promosi kesehatan untuk melakukan perubahan perilaku harus dikembangkan sesuai dengan jenis sumber air yang digunakan. [MKB. 2017;49(2):122–31]
Kata kunci: Air bersih, integrated behavior model , kumuh perkotaan, perilaku
Integrated Behavior Model: Factors Influencing Clean Water Use among Urban Slum Dwellers
The increasing need for clean water, especially in urban area, is becoming more prominent. Tamansari Urban Village is a slum area located in the center of Bandung City. Sixty percents of its dwellers use pipe water as the clean water source while the rest uses ground water. However, not all water sources are protected correctly that there is a potential for contamination. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing clean water use behavior among urban slum dwellers by applying the Integrated Behavior Model. A cross-sectional study was performed on 188 households in 10 RW (neighborhood unit) on Cikapundung River Bank in Taman Sari Urban Village. Questionnaires and observation checklists were used for piping water source (Local Water Company, PDAM), protected wells, and unprotected wells. The results of this study showed that the attitude, perceived norms, and personal factors influenced the intention to use clean water for the three clean water sources. Among PDAM users, no significant factor was seen to influence behavior. Among protected well users, the behavior was influenced by the interest factor in using clean water. Among unprotected well users, attitude, environmental barriers, and habit influenced the behavior of using clean water. Factors influencing behaviors, especially in urban slum areas, are different based on the source of clean water used; hence, the implementation health promotion through behavioural change should be adapted to the type of water source used. [MKB. 2017;49(2):122–31]
Key words: Behavior, clean water, integrated behavior model, urban slum
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Shaheed A, Orgill J, Montgomery MA, Jeuland MA, Brown J. Why “improved” water sources are not always safe. Bull WHO. 2014; 92(1):283–9.
Bain R, Cronk R, Hossain R, Bonjour S, Onda K, Wright J, dkk. Global assessment of exposure to faecal contamination through drinking water based on a systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2014;19(8):917–27.
Sirus HS, Narain HP, Ferry W, Dazwir N, Sri PP, Ainur R, dkk. Diarrhoea episodes and treatment–seeking behavior in a slum area of North Jakarta, Indonesia. J Health Popul Nutr. 2006;22(2):119–29.
Laura CS, Mayur MD, Kathleen MM, Menachem E. Relationship between use water from community–scale water treatment refill kiosks and childhood diarrhea in Jakarta. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87(6):979–84.
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Profil Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Bandung: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung; 2013.
Badan Pusat Statistik. Laporan Informasi Administrasi Pemerintah Daerah Kota Bandung. Bandung: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2012.
Semba RD, Kraemer K, Kai S, Saskia PD, Akhter N, Moench–Pfanner R, dkk. Relationship of the presence of a household improved latrine with diarrhea and under–five child mortality in Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;84(3):443–50.
Daniel E, Montano DK. Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior and the integrated behavioral model. Dalam: Karen Glanz BKR, Viswanath K, penyunting. Health behavior and health education theory, research and practice. Edisi ke-4. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons; 2008. hlm. 67–92.
Benjamin FA, John MC. Treating water with chlorine at point of use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhea in developing countries: a systematic review and meta–analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76(2):354–64.
Allegranzi B, Pittet D. Role of hand hygiene in healthcare–associated infection prevention. J Hospital Infect. 2009;73(4):305–15.
Williams HA, Gaines J, Patrick M, Berendes D, Fitter D, Handzel T. Perceptions of health communication, water treatment and sanitation in Artibonite Department, Haiti, March–April 2012. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(11):1–17.
Hulland KRS, Leontsini E, Dreibelbis R, Unicomb L, Afroz A, Dutta NC, dkk. Designing a handwashing station for infrastructure–restricted communities in Bangladesh using the integrated behavioural model for water, sanitation and hygiene interventions (IBM–WASH). BMC Public Heath. 2013;13(1):877–89.
Samir VS, Menon M, Trivedi K, Ati A, Figueroa ME, Ainslie R, dkk. Microbiologic effectiveness of boilling and safe water storage in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. J Water Health. 2011;9(3):577–85.
Ameer S, Jennifer O, Maggie AM, Marc AJ, Joe B. Why improved water sources are not always safe. Bull WHO. 2014;92(1):283–9.
Hamoudi A, Jeuland M, Lombardo S, Patil S, Pattanayak SK, Rai S. The effect of water quality testing on household behavior evidence from an experiment in rural India. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87(1):18–22.
Akoachere JF, Omam LA, Massalla TN. Assessment of the relationship between bacteriological quality of dug–wells, hygiene behaviour and well characteristics in two cholera endemic localities in Douala, Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):692–706.
Davis J, Pickering AJ, Rogers K, Mamuya S, Boehm AB. The effects of informational interventions on household water management, hygiene behaviors, stored drinking water quality, and hand contamination in peri-urban Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;84(2):184–91.
Timothy D, Rose A, Eric L, James GK, Mary AS, Tania D. A qualitative assessment of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors related to diarrhea and water fitration in Rural Kenya. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(8):1515–20.
Ayotunde TE, Tunde OE, Gregory OA, Kannan K, Saravanadevi S, Satish RW. Prioritizing hazardous pollutants in two Nigerian water supply schemes: a risk–based approach. Bull WHO. 2013;91(1):553–61.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v49n2.1059
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 2777 timesPDF - 6999 times
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
MKB is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
View My Stats