Perbandingan Validitas Sistem Penilaian APACHE II, SOFA, dan CSOFA Sebagai Prediktor Mortalitas Pasien yang Dirawat di Instalasi Rawat Intensif RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Sistem penilaian APACHE II dan SOFA masih digunakan sebagai instrumen objektif untuk memprediksi mortalitas pasien di Instalasi Rawat Intensif (IRI), namun masih kurang praktis. Sistem penilaian CSOFA dengan parameter serta biaya pengeluaran yang lebih sedikit dan praktis diharapkan memiliki akurasi yang lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan alternatif yang lebih sederhana, mudah dan murah, namun tetap memiliki akurasi yang baik sebagai prediktor mortalitas pasien selain APACHE II dan SOFA. Penelitian uji diagnostik cross sectional dilakukan pada bulan Februari–April 2016 di IRI RSUP H. Adam Malik. Subjek penelitian 71 pasien dewasa yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dinilai APACHE II, SOFA, dan CSOFA setelah dirawat 24 jam pertama, kemudian dilihat mortalitasnya pada akhir masa rawatan. Analisis statistik menggunakan tabel 2x2 serta receiving operating curve (ROC), dihitung juga sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi negatif dan positif, serta likelihood ratio dengan SPSS ver.23. CSOFA memiliki kemampuan yang sangat baik dalam memprediksi mortalitas dengan luas area under ROC (AuROC) 87,6%. APACHE II memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam memprediksi mortalitas dengan luas AuROC 84,7%. SOFA memiliki kemampuan yang cukup dalam memprediksi mortalitas dengan luas AuROC 79,1%. Simpulan, sistem penilaian CSOFA dapat dijadikan sebagai prediktor mortalitas pasien selain APACHE II dan SOFA di IRI RSUP HAM.

Kata kunci: APACHE II, CSOFA, mortalitas, SOFA

Comparison of APACHE II, SOFA, and CSOFA Scoring System Validity as Mortality Predictor in ICU Patients in H. Adam Malik General Hospital

The APACHE II and SOFA scoring systems are still used as the objective instruments for predicting mortality in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU); however, the two are still considered less practical. CSOFA, with more practical parameters as well as a lower cost, is expected to provide better accuracy. The purpose of this study was to get a simpler, easier, and cheaper alternative, but with good accuracy, to APACHE II and SOFA as a predictor of mortality in patients admitted to the ICU of H. Adam Malik (HAM) Hospital. A cross-sectional diagnostic test study was conducted in February–April 2016 at the ICU of H. Adam Malik General Hospital. A sample of 71 adult patients that met the inclusion criteria was assessed by APACHE II, SOFA, and CSOFA at the first 24 hours after treatment. The mortality was then observed at the end of treatment. Statistical analysis using 2x2 tables and receiving operating curve (ROC) were used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values, as well as the likelihood ratio using SPSS ver.23. CSOFA in this study presented a very good ability in predicting mortality with an Area under ROC (AuROC) of 87.6% while APACHE II had a good ability in predicting mortality with an AuROC of 84.7%. SOFA had sufficient ability in predicting mortality with an AuROC of 79.1%. In conclusion, CSOFA scoring system can be used as a patient mortality predictor as an alternative to APACHE II and SOFA in the ICU.

Key words: APACHE II, CSOFA, mortality, SOFA