Perbandingan Kombinasi Bupivakain 0,5% Hiperbarik dan Fentanil dengan Bupivakain 0,5% Isobarik dan Fentanil terhadap Kejadian Hipotensi dan Tinggi Blokade Sensorik pada Seksio Sesarea dengan Anestesi Spinal

Abstract

Anestesi spinal mejadi teknik pilihan untuk seksio sesarea karena lebih aman dan efisien dibanding dengan anestesi umum. Anestesi spinal pada wanita hamil menyebabkan hipotensi lebih berat dan cepat. Hipotensi berhubungan dengan ketinggian blokade simpatis yang dipengaruhi oleh barisitas anestetik lokal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan kejadian hipotensi dengan tinggi blokade sensorik antara kombinasi bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 12,5 mg dan fentanil 25 µg dengan bupivakain 0,5% isobarik 12,5 mg-fentanil 25 µg pada anestesi spinal untuk seksio sesarea. Penelitian dilakukan di Central Operating Theatre (COT) Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama bulan April‒Mei 2015 dengan uji klinis acak tersamar ganda terhadap 40 pasien yang menjalani seksio sesarea dengan status fisik American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) II. Kejadian hipotensi dan tinggi blokade sensorik dinilai setelah pemberian anestesi spinal. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji-t, Mann-Whitney, dan chi-kuadrat. Hasil penelitian bermakna jika nilai p<0,05. Kejadian hipotensi antara kelompok hiperbarik dan isobarik adalah 75% vs 100% (p=0,017). Tinggi blokade sensorik rata-rata antara kedua kelompok di T6 vs T4 (p=0,000). Kejadian hipotensi dan blokade sensorik lebih tinggi pada kombinasi bupivakain 0,5% isobarik 12,5 mg dan fentanil 25 µg dibanding dengan bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 12,5 mg dan fentanil 25 µg.

Kata kunci: Anestesi spinal, bupivakain hiperbarik, bupivakain isobarik, seksio sesarea

Comparison between Combination of Hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacain with Fentanyl and 0.5% Isobaric Bupivacain with Fentanyl Use on Incidence of Hypotension and Sensoric Blockade Level in Caesarian Section with Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthesia technic has been the technic of choice for caesarean section due to its safety and efficiency compared to general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia in pregnancy causes hypotension in a heavier and more rapid manner. Hypotension is associated with the height of the sympathetic block influenced by the baricity of the local anesthetics. This study aimed to compare hypotension incidence and sensory blockade height between combination of 12.5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 25 µg fentanyl and 12.5 mg 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine with fentanyl 25 µg in spinal anesthesia for caesarean section. The study was performed at the central operating theatre (COT) of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during April‒May 2015 using double blind randomized control trial method on 40 patients underwent caesarean section with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) II physical status. The hypotension incidence and sensory blockade height were assessed after spinal anesthesia and measured by t-test, Mann Whitney, and Chi-square tests. Significancy was declared when p value <0.05. The hypotension incidence between the hyperbaric and isobaric groups were 75% vs. 100% (p value=0.017). The mean sensory blockade height was at T6 vs. T4 (p value=0.000). The hypotension incidence and sensory blockade are significantly higher in isobaric 12.5 mg 0.5% bupivacainewith 25 µg fentanyl compared to those in 12.5 mg hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine with fentanyl 25 µg.

Key words: Caesarean section, hyperbaric bupivacaine, isobaric bupivacaine, spinal anesthesia 

DOI: 10.15851/jap.v4n2.820