Perbandingan Efek Anestesi Spinal dengan Anestesi Umum terhadap Kejadian Hipotensi dan Nilai APGAR Bayi pada Seksio Sesarea

Abstract

Teknik anestesi spinal atau anestesi umum pada seksio sesarea menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah berbeda, demikian pula nilai APGAR bayi.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kejadian hipotensi, nilai APGAR 1 menit dan 5 menit antara tindakan anestesi spinal dan anestesi umum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara randomized cross sectional pada 70 pasien di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada Februari–Maret 2011. Setelah dilakukan randomisasi, pasien dibagi dalam dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok I (anestesi spinal) dan kelompok II (anestesi umum).  Data kejadian hipotensi dianalisis dengan uji chi-kuadrat, untuk nilai APGAR menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian hipotensi 57,1% pada kelompok anestesi spinal, sedangkan kelompok anestesi umum hanya 5,7% (p<0,001). Nilai APGAR rata-rata 1 menit pada kelompok anestesi spinal 8, sedangkan pada kelompok anestesi umum 7,06.  Berdasarkan Uji Mann Whitney didapatkan p<0,001. Nilai APGAR rata-rata 5 menit pada kelompok anestesi spinal 9,71,  sedangkan pada  kelompok   anestesi   umum  9,31 (p=0,015). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah angka kejadian hipotensi lebih tinggi pada anestesi spinal daripada anestesi umum.  Nilai APGAR bayi 1 menit dan 5 menit lebih tinggi pada anestesi spinal dibandingkan dengan anestesi umum.

Kata kunci: Anestesi spinal, anestesi umum, hipotensi, nilai APGAR, seksio sesarea
                      
Comparison of  Effects  between  Spinal Anesthesia and General Anesthesia  on Hypotension and APGAR Scoring Values  of Caesarean Section Babies


Technique of spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia on cesarean section causes decreasing in different blood pressure and APGAR score.  The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of hypotension, APGAR score 1 minute and 5 minutes on the action of spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia. A randomized cross sectional was conducted on 70 patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung during February–March 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: group I (spinal anesthesia) and group II (general anesthesia).   The data of hypotension was analyzed with chi square test, for the APGAR score with Mann Whitney test. Result of the study showed that the case of hypotension was got 57.1% for the group of spinal anesthesia whereas the group of general anesthesia only 5.7% (p<0.001).  The mean of APGAR score 1 minute for the group spinal anesthesia was 8 whereas the group of general anesthesia was 7.06.  According to Mann Whitney test  got p<0.001.  The mean of APGAR score 5 minutes for the group spinal anesthesia was 9.71, whereas the mean for the group of general anesthesia was 9.31.  According to Mann Whitney test got p=0.015. The conclusion of the this study is the case of hypotension value is higher for the spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia.  APGAR score 1 minute and 5 minutes are higher for spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia.

Key words: APGAR score, caesarean section, general anesthesia, hypotension,  spinal anesthesia  

DOI: 10.15851/jap.v2n2.304