Hubungan Profil Lipid (Kadar Trigliserida, HDL, LDL, Total Kolesterol) dengan Jenis Infeksi Bakteri pada Pasien Sepsis

Abstract

Gangguan profil lipid berhubungan dengan peningkatan kejadian gagal organ dan kematian pada pasien

sepsis. Gangguan profil lipid mungkin berbeda antarjenis infeksi bakteri (gram positif vs gram negatif),

perbedaan ini mungkin jadi disebabkan oleh perbedaan klirens endotoksin yang berbeda dan mekanisme imunologis host yang berkaitan dengan metabolism lipid. Tujuan, menganalisis perbedaan profil kadar lipid (HDL, LDL, Trigliserida, total kolesterol) dengan jenis infeksi bakteri pada pasien sepsis di ruang perawatan intensif RSUD Dr. Soetomo yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April–Juli 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional pada pasien dewasa yang memenuhi kritera sepsis-3. Jenis infeksi bakteri diklasifikasikan menjadi infeksi bakteri gram negatif, infeksi bakteri gram positif, infeksi campuran, dan tidak tumbuh kuman. Penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan profil kadar lipid antarjenis infeksi bakteri menggunakan analisis normalitas data dan analisis varian data. Hasil dari 38 pasien sepsis dewasa pada penelitian ini didapatkan 13 pasien infeksi bakteri gram negatif, 13 pasien infeksi gram positif, 5 pasien infeksi campuran gram positif dan negatif, dan tidak didapatkan pertumbuhan kuman pada 7 pasien. Kadar HDL lebih rendah pada infeksi bakteri gram negatif dan infeksi bakteri campuran gram positif-gram negatif (p<0,05). Kadar trigliserida lebih tinggi pada infeksi bakteri gram negatif dan infeksi bakteri campuran gram positif - gram negatif (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar LDL dan total kolesterol antarjenis infeksi bakteri. Simpulan, kadar HDL plasma lebiH rendah dan kadar trigliserida lebih tinggi pada pasien sepsis infeksi bakteri gram negatif dan bakteri campuran gram positif–gram negatif disbanding dengan pasien sepsis infeksi bakteri gram positif dan tidak didapatkan pertumbuhan kuman.

Relationship of Lipid Profile (Levels of Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, Total Cholesterol) with Types of Bacterial Infection in Sepsis Patients

Impaired lipid profiles are associated with an increased incidence of organ failure and mortality in septic patients. Disorders of the lipid profile may differ between bacterial infection types (gram-positive vs gram-negative). Differences could be due to dissimilarities in different endotoxin clearance and host immunological mechanisms related to lipid metabolism. The study analyzed differences in lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol) with the bacterial infection type in septic patients in the intensive care room of Dr. Soetomo Hospital in April–July 2020. This study was an observational analytic study of 38 adult patients who met the criteria for sepsis-3. Bacterial infection types were classified into gram-negative bacterial infections, gram-positive bacterial infections, mixed infections and culture negative. This study analyzed differences in lipid profiles between bacterial infection types, and used data normality analysis and data variant analysis. Results showed that 13 patients had gram-negative bacterial infection, 13 patients were with gram-positive infection, five patients were with mixed gram-positive gram-negative infections, and seven patients had no germ growth. Plasma HDL levels were lower in gram-negative bacterial infections and mixed gram-positive gram-negative bacterial infections (p<0.05). Plasma triglyceride levels were higher in gram-negative bacterial infections and mixed gram-positive gram-negative bacterial infections (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in LDL levels and total plasma cholesterol between bacterial infections types. In conclusion, plasma HDL levels are significantly lower, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in septic patients with gram-negative and mixed gram-positive bacterial infections than in sepsis patients with gram-positive bacterial infections and culture negative.