Perbandingan Efektivitas Pemberian Efedrin Oral Dosis 25 mg dengan 50 mg Preoperatif terhadap Kejadian Hipotensi Pascaanestesi Spinal pada Seksio Sesarea

Abstract

Tablet efedrin dapat mencegah hipotensi dengan efek samping lebih kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dosis efektif tablet efedrin yang diberikan 30–45 menit sebelum dilakukan anestesi spinal untuk menurunkan kejadian hipotensi. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental acak tersamar tunggal dengan 32 ibu hamil ASA II yang menjalani operasi sesar dengan anestesi spinal di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Maret–Mei 2012. Subjek penelitian dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu kelompok 25 mg dan 50 mg. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Mann Whitney dan chi-kuadrat, nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa kejadian hipotensi pada kelompok 25 mg dan kelompok 50 mg berbeda bermakna (p=0,049). Pada kelompok tablet efedrin 25 mg kebutuhan efedrin intravena pascaanestesi spinal lebih besar (p=0,040). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian tablet efedrin 50 mg 30–45 menit sebelum anestesi spinal dapat mencegah hipotensi pascaanestesi spinal lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tablet efedrin 25 mg. Kelompok tablet efedrin 25 mg memerlukan jumlah pemberian efedrin intravena lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kelompok tablet efedrin 50 mg.

Kata kunci: Anestesi spinal, efedrin tablet 25 mg, efedrin tablet 50 mg, seksio sesarea, hipotensi

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Preoperative Oral 25 mg and 50 mg Ephedrine on Postspinal Anaesthesia Hypotension in Caesarean Section

Abstract

Oral ephedrine is one alternative to prevent hypotension with less adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective dose of oral ephedrine given 30–45 minutes before spinal anesthesia to reduce incidence of hypotension. The research was a single-blind randomized experimental study involving 32 pregnant women, ASA II, who underwent caesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung from March to May 2012. Subjects were divided into two groups, 25 mg ephedrine and 50mg ephedrine groups. Data was analyzed using Mann Whitney and chi-square test, p<0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analysis showed there was a significant difference (p=0.049) in incidence of hypotension between 25 mg group and 50mg group. 25mg group required more intravenous ephedrine after spinal anesthesia (p=0.040). The conclusion of this study was that oral 50mg ephedrine given 30–45 minutes before performing spinal anesthesia will reduce the incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia in comparison to oral 25mg ephedrine. In 25mg group, the amount of ephedrine intravenous administered is higher compared with 50mg group.

Key words: Spinal anesthesia, 25mg oral ephedrine, 50mg oral ephedrine, caesarean section,
hypotension

DOI: 10.15851/jap.v1n3.192