Gambaran Skor Apgar pada Seksio Sesarea Antara Anestesi Spinal dan Anestesi Umum di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Periode Januari–Juni 2019

Muhammad Adjie Pratama; Iwan Fuadi; Dzulfikar D. L. Hakim

doi:10.15851/jap.v8n1.1822

Gambaran Skor Apgar pada Seksio Sesarea Antara Anestesi Spinal dan Anestesi Umum di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Periode Januari–Juni 2019

Muhammad Adjie Pratama, Iwan Fuadi, Dzulfikar D. L. Hakim

Abstract

Angka kelahiran melalui tindakan seksio sesarea di Indonesia terus meningkat. Penggunaan anestesi saat dilakukan seksio sesarea dapat memengaruhi luaran bayi yang dilahirkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat gambaran skor Apgar pada tindakan seksio sesarea antara anestesi spinal dan anestesi umum di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data didapatkan dari rekam medis pasien yang menjalani tindakan seksio sesarea di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin pada periode 1 Januari 2019 hingga 30 Juni 2019. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 368 bayi dan 345 ibu dengan sebaran 248 (73,4%) ibu menggunakan anestesi spinal dan 90 (26,6%) menggunakan anestesi umum. Skor Apgar 5 menit bayi dengan anestesi spinal pada kategori 0–3 sebanyak 3 (1,1%), 4–7 sebanyak 18 (6,6%), dan 8–10 sebanyak 251 (92,3%). Skor Apgar 5 menit bayi dengan anestesi umum pada kategori 0–3 sebanyak 7 (7,3%), 4–7 sebanyak 14 (14,6%), dan 8–10 sebanyak 75 (78,1%). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah persentase skor Apgar bayi yang lahir melalui seksio sesarea dengan ibu diberi anestesi spinal lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan anestesi umum.

Overview of Apgar Score in Cesarean Section between Spinal Anaesthesia and General Anaesthesia at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin in
January–June 2019

The birth rate through the cesarean section in Indonesia continues to increase. The use of anaesthesia during cesarean section can affect the outcome of the newborns. The purpose of this study was to look at the description of Apgar’s score on the cesarean section between spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia at Dr. RSUP. Hasan Sadikin. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional descriptive method using a total sampling technique. Data were obtained from medical records of patients undergoing cesarean section at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin in the period 1 January, 2019, to 30 June, 2019. The results showed 368 infants and 345 mothers with a distribution of 248 (73.4%) mothers using spinal anaesthesia and 90 (26.6%) using general anaesthesia. The 5-minute Apgar score of infants with spinal anaesthesia in the 0–3 category was 3 (1.1%), 4–7 was 18 (6.6%), and 8–10 was 251 (92.3%). Apgar scores for 5 minutes of infants with general anaesthesia in the 0–3 category were 7 (7.3%), 4–7 were 14 (14.6%), and 8–10 were 75 (78.1%). The conclusion of this study is the percentage of Apgar score of babies born through the cesarean section with mothers given spinal anaesthesia is higher compared with those given general anaesthesia.

Keywords

Anestesi umum, anestesi spinal, seksio sesarea, skor Apgar

Full Text:

PDF

References

Djembarsari A, Hidajat N, Supriatna YA, Kadarsah R. Laporan akuntabilitas kinerja RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, Tahun 2016. Bandung; 2016.

Boerma T, Ronsmans C, Melesse DY, Barros AJD, Barros FC, Juan L, dkk. Global epidemiology of use of and disparities in caesarean sections. Lancet. 2018;392(10155):1341–8.

Department of Reproductive Health and Research World. WHO statement on caesarean section rates. WHO. World Health Organization; 2019.

Festin MR, Laopaiboon M, Pattanittum P, Ewens MR, Henderson-Smart DJ, Crowther CA, dkk. Caesarean section in four South East Asian countries: reasons for, rates, associated care practices and health outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009;9:17.

Palmer CM, D’Angelo R, Paech MJ. Obstetric anesthesia. Edisi ke-1. Obstetric anesthesia. New York: Oxford University Press; 2011.

Williams JW, Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS. Williams Obstetrics, 25. Edisi ke-25. Williams Obstetrics. New York: N.Y.: McGraw Hill Medical; 2018.

Ugwu GIM, Abedi HO, Ugwu EN. Incidence of birth asphyxia as seen in central hospital and GN children’s clinic both in Warri Niger Delta of Nigeria: an eight year retrospective review. Glob J Health Sci. 2012;4(5):140–6.

Flora L, Redjeki IS, Wargahadibrata AH. Perbandingan efek anestesi spinal dengan anestesi umum terhadap kejadian hipotensi dan nilai Apgar bayi pada seksio sesarea. JAP. 2014;2(2):105–16.

Páez L JJ, Navarro V JR. Anestesia regional versus general para parto por cesárea. Vol. 40, Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología. Kolumbia: scieloco; 2012. hlm. 203–6.

Gomella TL, Cunningham MD, Eyal FG, Tuttle D. Neonatology : management, procedures, on-call problems, diseases, and drugs. Edisi ke-7. Neonatology. New York: Lange; 2013.

Obi VO, Umeora OUJ. Anesthesia for emergency cesarean section: A comparison of spinal versus general anesthesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes. African J Med Heal Sci. 2018;17:31–4.

Madkour N, Ibrahim S, Ezz G. General versus spinal anesthesia during elective cesarean section in term low-risk pregnancy as regards maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective, controlled clinical trial. Res Opin Anesth Intens Care. 2019;6:119–24.

Lee HC, Subeh M, Gould JB. Low Apgar score and mortality in extremely preterm neonates born in the United States. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99(12):1785–9.

Coutinho PR, Cecatti JG, Surita FG, Costa ML, Morais SS. Perinatal outcomes associated with low birth weight in a historical cohort. Reprod Health. 2011;8(1):18.

Susilo SA, Pratiwi KN, Fattah ANA, Irwinda R, Wibowo N. Determinants of low APGAR score among preeclamptic deliveries in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital: a retrospective cohort study in 2014. Med J Indones. 2015;24:183–9.

Sekiguchi A, Nakai A, Kawabata I, Hayashi M, Takeshita T. Type and location of placenta previa affect preterm delivery risk related to antepartum hemorrhage. Int J Med Sci. 2013;10(12):1683–8.

Baumfeld Y, Herskovitz R, Niv ZB, Mastrolia SA, Weintraub AY. Placenta associated pregnancy complications in pregnancies complicated with placenta previa. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;56(3):331–5.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15851/jap.v8n1.1822