Perbandingan Pemberian Lidokain 2% 1,5 mg/kgBB Intravena dengan Propofol 0,3 mg/kgBB Intravena Setelah Anestesi Umum Dihentikan terhadap Kejadian Batuk Saat Ekstubasi Bangun

Abstract

Pipa endotrakeal (endotracheal tube; ETT) sering digunakan pada prosedur anestesi umum. Batuk saat ekstubasi merupakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi karena iritasi jalan napas akibat pelepasan ETT. Penggunaan lidokain intravena dan propofol intravena telah terbukti mampu menurunkan angka kejadian batuk saat ekstubasi. Tujuan penelitian ini membandingkan angka kejadian batuk saat ekstubasi bangun pemberian lidokain 2% 1,5 mg/kgBB intravena dengan propofol 0,3 mg/kgBB intravena dalam anestesi umum yang diberikan 3 menit setelah sevofluran dan N₂O dihentikan pada akhir operasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2016 sampai dengan Februari  2017 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan teknik acak terkontrol buta tunggal terhadap 72 subjek yang terdiri atas kelompok lidokain (n=36) dan kelompok propofol (n=36). Analisis statisika menggunakan uji chi-square dengan bantuan aplikasi statistical product and service solution (SPSS) versi 20.0 for windows taraf signifikasi 5% dan dianggap bermakna bila p<0,05. Pada hasil penelitian ini didapatkan angka kejadian batuk pada pemberian lidokain 2% 1,5 mg/kgBB lebih rendah dibanding dengan  pemberian propofol 0,3 mg/kgBB (p<0,05) dengan persentase 19,4% dan 44,4%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian lidokain 2% 1,5 mg/kgBB intravena lebih baik dibanding dengan propofol 0,3 mg/kgBB intravena untuk menurunkan kejadian batuk pada saat ekstabasi.

Kata kunci: Batuk, ekstubasi, lidokain, propofol

Comparison between Intravenous Administration of 2% Lidocaine 1,5 mg/kgBW and Propofol 0,3 mg/kgBW after Discontinuation of General Anesthesia against Cough Incidence During Awake Extubation

Endotracheal tube (ETT) is often used in general anesthesia procedures. Coughing at the time of  extubation is a complication that often occurs due to respiratory irritation due to the release of ETT. The use of intravenous lidocaine and intravenous propofol has been shown to decrease the incidence of coughing at the time of extubation. This study aimed to compare the incidence of coughing during awake extubation between 2% of lidocaine 1.5 mg/kgBW intravenously with propofol administered 0.3 mg/kgBW intravenously in general anesthesia 3 minutes after sevoflurane and N₂O was stopped at the end of the surgery. This study was conducted from December 2016 until February 2017 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The research was done with experimental method with a single blind  randomized controlled trial and was carried out on 72 subjects consisting of lidocaine group (n=36) and propofol group (n=36). Statistic analysis using chi-square test with statistical product and service solution (SPSS) version 20.0 for windows with significance level 5% and considered significant if p<0,05. In the results of this study, the incidence of coughing in group of 2% of lidocaine 1.5 mg/kgBW was lower than group of propofol 0.3 mg/kgBW (p<0.05) with the respective percentages of 19.4% and 44.4%. The conclusion of this study was 2% of lidocaine 1.5 mg/kgBW intravenously is better compared to propofol 0.3 mg/kgBW intravenously to decrease the incidence of coughing at the time of extubation.

Key words: Coughing, extubation, lidocaine, propofol