Lactate Clearance sebagai Prediktor Mortalitas pada Pasien Sepsis Berat dan Syok Septik di Intesive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung

Abstract

Tingkat mortalitas pasien sepsis berat di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) dihitung dengan menggunakan skor acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II), namun memerlukan pemeriksaan yang banyak serta kompleks. Penurunan lactate clearance berhubungan dengan kondisi mikrosirkulasi yang buruk. Lactate clearance diharapkan memiliki kemampuan untuk menentukan tingkat mortalitas pasien sepsis berat dan syok septik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kegunaan lactate clearance sebagai prediktor mortalitas pasien sepsis berat dan syok sepsis di ICU Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung yang lebih mudah dan efisien. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara prospektif observasional cohort terhadap 51 orang. Penelitian dilakukan di ICU RSHS Bandung dari bulan September–November 2015 dengan uji Mann Whitney pada data numerik dan Exact Fisher pada data kategorik. Setiap subjek penelitian diperiksa nilai laktat secara berkelanjutan pada jam pertama (H0) dan jam ke-24, kemudian dihitung nilai lactate clearance dengan rumus laktat awal-laktat serial/laktat awal x 100%. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok berdasar atas nilai lactate clearance rendah (<40%) dan nilai lactate clearance tinggi (>40%). Hasil penelitian menunujukkan bahwa lactate clearance memiliki sensisitivitas 100%; spesifisitas 88,4%; nilai duga positif 89,2%; nilai duga negatif 100%; rasio kemungkinan positif 86,6%; rasio kemungkinan negatif 0 dan akurasi 94,11%. Simpulan penilitian adalah lactate clearance dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor mortalitas pada pasien sepsis berat dan syok septik di ICU RSHS Bandung.

Kata kunci: Lactate clearance, mortalitas, sepsis

Lactate Clearance as Mortality Predictor in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patient in Intensive Care Unit Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung

Mortality incidence predictor used for sepsis and shock septic in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were measured using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, which needs many complex examinations. The purpose of this study was to examine lactate clearance as an alternative mortality predictor. Decreased percentage of lactate clearance is related to poor perfusion in microcirculation which leads to the possibility that lactate clearance can be used to predict mortality incidence in severe sepsis and shock septic patients in the ICU of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. This was a prospective observational cohort study involving 51 patients who met sepsis and shock septic criteria during the period of September to November 2015. Lactate was examined continuously in all patients at first hour (H0) and H24 and then the lactate clearance value was measured using the following formula: lactate initial–lactate delayed/lactate initial x100%. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the low lactate clearance(<40%) and high lactate clearance (>40%). The Mann Whitney test was used for numeric data and exact Fisher test was used for categorical data. Results showed that the lactate clearance had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 88.4%, positive predictive value of 89.2%, negative predictive value of 100%, likelihood ratio positive of 86.6%, likelihood ratio negative of 0% and accuracy of 94.11%. Thus, lactate clearance can be used to predict mortality incidence in severe sepsis and shock septic patients.

Key words: Lactate clearance, mortality, sepsis