Prevalence and Characteristics of Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) causes decreased kidney function, requiring long-term hemodialysis. This condition is often associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of psychiatric diseases, particularly depression.

Objective: To examines the levels of depression among CKD patients receiving hemodialysis at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 80 respondents with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Samples were selected using purposive sampling based on the inclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted in March 2024 using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) instrument and analyzed with GraphPad 9.5.

Results: The results showed that the prevalence of depression among CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis was 83.8%, 11.9%, and 5.0% for minimal, mild, and moderate depression levels, respectively. Depression was more frequently observed in female patients and those over 50 years old. Significant differences were found in the duration of CKD (p = 0.03) and hemodialysis (p = 0.02) across depression levels, with shorter durations observed in patients with mild depression. However, correlation analysis revealed a weak and non-significant negative relationship between depression scores and duration of hemodialysis.

Conclusion: Most CKD patients receiving hemodialysis experienced minimal depression, followed by mild and moderate depression, with higher occurrence in women and patients aged >50 years. Although significant differences in CKD and hemodialysis duration were observed across depression levels, the overall relationship showed a weak and non-significant negative correlation.