Reliabilitas dan Validitas Penilaian Skala Sedasi Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) dan Ramsay pada Pasien Kritis dengan Ventilasi Mekanik di Ruang Perawatan Intensif

Abstract

Penggunaan secara rutin skala subjektif untuk nyeri, agitasi, dan sedasi akan mendorong penatalaksanaan yang lebih efektif pada pasien untuk mencapai titik akhir yang spesifik. Setiap metode subjektif skala sedasi harus dievaluasi dalam hal reliabilitas dan validitas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui reliabilitas dan validitas skala Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) dan Ramsay pada pasien kritis yang dirawat dengan ventilasi mekanik di ruang perawatan intensif. Jumlah subjek penelitian 82 pasien yang dinilai dengan skala sedasi RASS dan Ramsay setelah diberikannya obat analgesia dan sedasi. Penelitian observasional deskriptif yang dilakukan berdasarkan urutan datang pasien selama 4 bulan penelitian dari Mei–Agustus 2014. Metode Alpha Cronbach untuk menentukan reliabilitas dan Rank Spearman untuk menentukan validitas. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan Skala RASS dengan nilai reliabilitas tertinggi Alpha Cronbach (α):0,951, serta nilai validitas tertinggi dengan Rank Spearman (rs):0,743. Skala Ramsay dengan nilai reliabilitas tertinggi Alpha Cronbach (α):0,921, serta nilai validitas tertinggi dengan Rank Spearman (rs):0,922. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah skala RASS menunjukkan keandalan dan koefisien validitas lebih tinggi daripada skala Ramsay.

Kata kunci: Penilaian skala sedasi, reliabilitas, validitas

Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and Ramsay Assessment Reliability and Validity in Critically Ill Patients with Mechanical Ventilation Support in Intensive Care Unit

Routine use of subjective scales for pain, agitation, and sedation promotes more effective patient management in order to reach specific end-points. Each subjective sedation scale method should be evaluated in terms of its reliability and validity. The purpose of this study was to fassess the reliability and validity of Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and Ramsay scale. Subjects were 82 (eighty two) patients assessed using RASS and Ramsay sedation scale after receiving analgesia and sedation drug. This study was an observational study with cross sectional descriptive sampling conducted in consecutive patients sampling within a period of 4 months during May–August 2014. The results of the assessment were analyzed using Alpha Cronbach to determine the reliability and Rank Spearman to test the validity. It was revealed that  RASS scale had the highest reliability value with Alpha Cronbach (α):0.951 and the highest validity with Rank Spearman (rs):0.743 while the highest reliablity value achieved using the Ramsay scale was Alpha Cronbach (α):0.921 with Rank Spearman (rs): 0.922 as the highest validity score. It is concluded, therefore, that the RASS scale shows higher reliability and validity coefficients than the Ramsay scale.

Key words: Assessment sedation scale, reliability, validity

DOI: 10.15851/jap.v2n3.330