Effect of Annona muricata L. Leaf Ethanol Extract  in CCl4 Hepatitis Rat Model

Kuswinarti Kuswinarti; Ilham Asrori Azka; Dwi Prasetyo

doi:10.15850/amj.v8n2.2225

Effect of Annona muricata L. Leaf Ethanol Extract in CCl4 Hepatitis Rat Model

Kuswinarti Kuswinarti, Ilham Asrori Azka, Dwi Prasetyo

Abstract

Background: Liver can be damaged by various factors, including the oxidative stress mechanism. This damage can be inhibited by the application of anti-oxidant. The Annona muricata L. leaf is known to have antioxidant properties. This study aimed to explore the effect of Annona muricata L. leaf extract against hepatitis in rats.

Methods: An experimental study was performed on 25 male Wistar rats that were given Annona muricata L. leaf ethanol extract at 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW for eight days. The CCl4 was administrated on the eighth day and the rats were laparotomized on the next day. The average number of normal hepatocytes was counted in one field of view. This study was conducted at the laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran in September–October 2012.

Results: The negative control group showed an intact cell membrane, homogenous cytoplasm, and round nucleus, whereas the positive control group showed necrosis marked by a ruptured cell membrane, vacuolated cytoplasm, and degenerated nucleus. The average number of normal hepatocytes counted in the negative control and the positive group was 404.91±34.09 cells and 23.16±7.84 cells, respectively. In the treatment group, the normal hepatocytes were 95.91±20.96 cells (200 mg/kgBW), 74.53±13.59 cells (400 mg/kgBW) and 46.84±8.46 cells (600 mg/kgBW). Statistically significant inhibition was observed (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The Annona muricata L. leaf ethanol extract can inhibit liver tissue damages in hepatitis model rats, possibly due to the presence of acetogenins as an anti-oxidant agent.

Keywords

Annona muricata L. leaf ethanol extract; CCl4; hepatocyte

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ghany M, Hoofnagle JH. Approach to the patient with liver disease. In: Kasper D, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jamesoon JL, editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004. p. 1808−13.

Tanaya G, Kuswinarti K, Dewi NS. Annona muricata Linn Leaf Effect in inhibiting SGPT Elevation. Althea Medical Journal. 2015;2(1):86–9

Dutta S, Chakraborty AK, Dey P, Kar P, Guha P., Sen S, et al. Amelioration of CCl4 induced liver injury in swiss albino mice by antioxidant rich leaf extract of Croton bonplandianus Baill. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0196411

Feng Y, Wang N, Ye X, Li H, Feng Y, Cheung F, et al. Hepatoprotective effect and its possible mechanism of Coptidis rhizome aqueous extract on carbon tetrachloride induced chronic liver hepatotoxicity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;138(3):683–90

Kamel HH, Azza H, Walaa MSA, Mohamed AH. Protective effect of some antioxidants against CCl4-induced toxicity in liver cells from BRL3A cell line. Journal of American Science. 2010;6(10):992−1003.

Murray RK, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kenelly PJ, Rodwell VW, Weil PA. Harper’s illustrated biochemistry. 28th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2009.

Baskar R, Rajeswari V, Kumar TS. In vitro antioxidant studies in leaves of Annona species. Indian J Exp Biol. 2007;45(5):480−5.

Lestari CR, Sumarawati T, Nasihun T. The effect of CMCE propolis extract administration on interleukin–1(IL-1) levels and the hepatocyte histopathological findings of rats induced with CCl4. Sains Medika. 2020;11(1):7–13

Maulina M. Pengaruh pemberian xanthone terhadap gambaran nekrosis sel hepar tikus putih (rattus norvegicus) jantan yang diinduksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4). SEL. 2015;2(1):10–21

Krismayogi GA, Ratnayanti IGAD, Linawati NM, Wiryawan IGNS, Sugiritama IW, Wahyuniari IAI, et al. Purple cabbage extract cream effect on erythema score of male wistar rats back skin exposed to UV-B radiation. Biomedical and Pharmacological Journal 2018:11(1):343–51

World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety. Carbon tetrachloride: health and safety guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998.

Crawford JM. Cellular adaptation, cell Injury, and cell death. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, editors. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis ofdisease. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. p. 3−46.

Adewole S, Caxton-Martins E. Morphological changes and hypoglycemic effects of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) leaf aqueous extract on pancreatic β-cells of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Afr J Biomed Res. 2006;9:173−87.

DeSousa OV, Vieira GD, de Pinho JdRG, Yamamoto CH, Alves MS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaves in animal models. Int J Mol Sci. 2010;11(5):2067−78.

Kuswinarti K, Savira K, Rudiman R. The analgesic effect of ethanol extract Soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves in wistar rats. Althea Medical Journal. 2018;5(4):196–200

Fang XP, Rieser MJ, Gu ZM, Zhao GX, McLaughlin JL. Annonaceous acetogenins: An updated review. Phytochemical Analysis. 1993;4(1):27−48.

Shi J, Aisaki K, Ikawa Y, Wake K. Evidence of hepatocyte apoptosis in rat liver after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. Am J Pathol. 1998;153(2):515−25.

Arthur FKN, Woode E, Terlabi EO, Larbie C. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) leaf against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen-induced liver damage. J Nat Pharm. 2012;3(1):25−30.

Cone M. Low doses of hormonelike chemicals may have big effects: Scientists seek ‘fundamental changes’ in testing and regulation of chemicals that mimic human hormone. Environmental Health News; 2012 [Cited 2020 December 10]; Available from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/low-doses-hormone-like-chemicals-may-have-big-effects/.

The Society of Toxicology. Animals in research: the importance of animals in the science of Toxicology. Reston: The Society of Toxicology; 2006 [Cited 2020 December 10]; Available at: https://www.toxicology.org/pubs/docs/air/AIR_Final.pdf.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v8n2.2225